Oils’ Impact on Comprehensive Fatty Acid Analysis and Their Metabolites in Rats

Abstract

Fatty acids, especially polyunsaturated, and their metabolites (eicosanoids) play many pivotal roles in human body, influencing various physiological and pathological processes. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of supplementation with edible oils diverse in terms of fatty acid composition on fatty acid contents, activities of converting their enzymes, and on lipoxygenase metabolites of arachidonic and linoleic acids (eicosanoids) in rat serum. Female Sprague-Dawley rats divided into seven groups were used in the study. Animals from six groups were fed one of oils daily (carotino oil, made up by combining of red palm oil and canola oil, linseed oil, olive oil, rice oil, sesame oil, or sunflower oil). One group received a standard diet only. Fatty acids were determined using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. Eicosanoids—hydroxyeicosatetraenoic (HETE) and hydroxyoctadecadienoic acids (HODE) were extracted using a solid-phase extraction method and analyzed with HPLC. Vegetable oils given daily to rats caused significant changes in serum fatty acid profile and eicosanoid concentrations. Significant differences were also found in desaturases’ activity, with the linseed and olive oil supplemented groups characterized by the highest D6D and D5D activity. These findings may play a significant role in various pathological states.

Profiles of Fatty Acids, Polyphenols, Sterols, and Tocopherols and Scavenging Property of Mediterranean Oils: New Sources of Dietary Nutrients for the Prevention of Age-related Diseases

“…Due to the beneficial fatty acid composition, all Mediterranean vegetable oils could gain special attention as being health-promoting. At the exception of AO, the low contents of saturated fatty acids (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and the high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids, made these unconventional oil sources interesting as potential dietary supplement 44) .…”

The Effect of Genistein Supplementation on Cholesterol Oxidation Products and Fatty Acid Profiles in Serums of Rats with Breast Cancer

“…They influence metabolism both at the tissue and cellular level, functioning, response, hormone signaling, etc. [ 10 , 11 ]. Over the years, clinical and epidemiological studies have shown that some fatty acids may have negative effects on the human body, causing an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, neurological diseases, cancer, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, etc.…”

“…On the other hand, numerous studies have shown that diets rich in these nutrients increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, inflammation, type 2 diabetes, cancer, and kidney disease. In the neoplastic tissues of the lung, prostate, breast, ovary, endometrium, colon, and bladder, compared with normal tissues, increased levels of SFAs have been confirmed [ 10 , 11 , 12 ]. Studies have shown that replacing saturated fatty acids with unsaturated acids significantly lowers LDL and improves lipid metabolism while reducing the risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease.…”

“…Unsaturated acids also appear to have protective effects on the entire nervous system and seem to prevent certain types of cancer. N-6 and n-3 belonging to polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are involved in the regulation of many important physiological and pathological processes, such as oxidative stress, inflammation, skin lesions, asthma, nervous system disorders, or cancer formation [ 9 , 10 , 11 ]. PUFAs are believed to exert their effects either indirectly, through various metabolites, or directly.…”

“…PUFAs are believed to exert their effects either indirectly, through various metabolites, or directly. The number of fatty acids in our body may be influenced by many factors, such as our daily diet, endocrine system, and the activity of PUFA-converting enzymes (desaturases, elongases) [ 9 , 10 , 11 ]. The role of fatty acids in cancer risk and development is becoming more and more accepted since, aside from their principal roles as structural components of the membrane matrix, they are important secondary messengers and can also serve as fuel sources for energy production [ 13 ].…”