Oil shale as a promising source of raw materials for advanced solid fossil fuel technologies

Prospects for the use of oil shale in the Republic of Uzbekistan

“…Oil shale is widespread throughout the world. The world resources of organic carbon accumulated in oil shale are enormous [1][2][3]. However, despite significant reserves, the development of the oil shale industry in various countries was characterized by periodic ups and downs [3].…”

Production of Isotropic Coke from Shale Tar at Various Parameters of the Delayed Coking Process

“…and composition (organic and inorganic components) of the mineral resource. 16 − 18 The possibility of transferring the organic component of oil shale from the solid aggregate state to liquid positively affects the economic indicators of using this low-grade raw material. 19 − 21 For instance, the production of shale tar in the world is about 1 million tons a year.…”

“…). − Russia has the largest reserves of shale tar in Europeabout 35.5 billion barrels, indicating the need for active use of shale tar in the chemical, energy, and other sectors of the economy. − The main methods of oil shale processing are focused on the transformation of organic matter of oil shale into various products (solid, liquid, gaseous) by employing various temperature influences: semicoking (470–600 °C), coking (600–900 °C), gasification (1000–1100 °C), pyrolysis (400–600 °C), etc. − The choice of a particular method of oil shale processing and its economic efficiency largely depends on the properties (ash content, heat of combustion, etc.) and composition (organic and inorganic components) of the mineral resource. − The possibility of transferring the organic component of oil shale from the solid aggregate state to liquid positively affects the economic indicators of using this low-grade raw material. − For instance, the production of shale tar in the world is about 1 million tons a year. − Typical characteristics of properties (ash content, density, viscosity, etc.) and composition (sulfur content, aromatic hydrocarbons, etc.)…”

Solid Fossil Fuels as a Source of Trace Elements

“…The reserves of U 3 O 8 in the uranium-bearing shale of the Ranstad deposits are about 1 million tons. It was noted that the shale layer 3.6 m thick contains more than 300 g/t of uranium [16].…”

“…Considering that the formation of shale residues from the combustion of oil shale in some cases reaches tens of millions of tons per year, favorable conditions are created for the extraction of some mineral components [16].…”