Oil palm wood flour filled natural rubber composites: fatigue and hysteresis behaviour

Ismail, Hanafi; Jaffri, R. M.; Rozman, H. D.

doi:10.1002/1097-0126(200006)49:6<618::aid-pi418>3.0.co;2-#

Cited by 33 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The measurement of hysteresis predicts possible deformations that will influence the flexibility of the foam. It was observed that when increasing the quantity of leather waste in the polymeric matrix, the hysteresis values increases (Table ), which means that the system was losing its ability to return to the original shape . The loss of energy during the compression–decompression led to deformation of the matrix.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, a relation between the density and the mechanical behavior could be established. According to Ismail et al, who investigated foams produced with nitrile butadiene rubber NBR with different densities, the samples with the smallest density were more sensitive toward changes in strain energy and showed softer character. This behavior is similar to the foam studied in this article, in which the samples with the lowest density were more sensitive to strain energy and consequently, it was not necessary to make much effort to deform them.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Natural rubber/leather waste composite foam: A new eco‐friendly material and recycling approach

Garcia

Reis

Budemberg

et al. 2014

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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This article describes a new approach of recycling the leather waste (shavings) using it as filler in natural rubber foams composites. The foams were prepared using different amounts of leather waste (0–60 parts per hundred of rubber) and submitted to morphological (SEM microscopy) and mechanical analyses (cyclic stress–strain compression). The increase of leather shavings on the composite causes an increase of viscosity in the mixture, which reflects in the foaming process. This results in smaller and fairly uniform cells. Furthermore, expanded rubber has the biggest cell size, with more than 70% of cell with 1000 µm, while the composite with the higher concentration of leather has around 80% of total number of cells with 100–400 µm. The mechanical parameters were found to depend on the leather dust concentration. Moreover, the stiffness rises with the increase of leather shavings; consequently, the compression force for expanded rubber was 0.126 MPa as well as the composite with higher concentration of leather was 7.55 MPa. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41636.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural rubber/leather waste composite foam: A new eco‐friendly material and recycling approach

Garcia

Reis

Budemberg

et al. 2014

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…SEM studies showed that for rubber composites filled with untreated fibre, the adhesion between the fibre and matrix is poor, while for treated fibre improved adhesion between the fibre and rubber matrix is evident. In another work Ismail et al 117 studied the fatigue and hysteresis behaviour of oil palm wood flour (OPWF) filled natural rubber composites. The stress at any strain decreased with increasing OPWF loading in the composites.…”

Section: Biofibre±rubber Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Matrices for natural-fibre reinforced composites

Sreekumar

Thomas

2008

Properties and Performance of Natural-Fibre Composites

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“…However, less investigation regarding the effect of nanosize filler in fatigue properties has been done. Previously, many researchers have been used micrometer size of fillers such as paper sludge,12 white rice husk ash (WRHA),13, 14 feldspar,15 and oil palm wood flour16 to study the fatigue properties of rubber. From these investigations, all researchers stated that the addition of filler in rubber only caused reduction in fatigue life and increment in hysteresis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatigue and hysteresis behavior of halloysite nanotubes‐filled natural rubber (SMR L and ENR 50) nanocomposites

Ismail

Salleh

Ahmad

2012

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The effect of various halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) loading on fatigue life, stress-strain behavior, and hysteresis of HNTs/ Standard Malaysian Rubber (SMR) L and HNTs/epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) 50 nanocomposites were studied. The addition of HNTs caused decrement in fatigue life for both nanocomposites at any extension ratio. Generally, HNTs/SMR L nanocomposites showed higher fatigue life than ENR 50 nanocomposites. Addition of more HNTs caused decrement of stress for HNTs/SMR L nanocomposites, whereas HNTs/ENR 50 nanocomposites showed vice versa at any strain. This result was supported by the graph of accumulated strain energy against extension ratio. Hysteresis values increased with addition of HNTs in both nanocomposites where of HNTs/ENR 50 nanocomposites exhibited higher hysteresis than HNTs/SMR L nanocomposites at any HNTs loading.

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Oil palm wood flour filled natural rubber composites: fatigue and hysteresis behaviour

Cited by 33 publications

References 12 publications

Natural rubber/leather waste composite foam: A new eco‐friendly material and recycling approach

Natural rubber/leather waste composite foam: A new eco‐friendly material and recycling approach

Matrices for natural-fibre reinforced composites

Fatigue and hysteresis behavior of halloysite nanotubes‐filled natural rubber (SMR L and ENR 50) nanocomposites

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