Oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber: surface morphology, treatment, and suitability as reinforcement in cement composites- A state of the art review

Rao, P. Rama Mohan; Ramakrishna, G.

doi:10.1016/j.clema.2022.100144

Cited by 19 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…The tensile strength obtained in this study is close to that reported by Danso (i.e., 110 MPa) [34] and less than that summarized by Rao and Ramakrishna (i.e., 283 MPa) [24]. The age of the parent plants, the age of the fiber after extraction, fiber surface condition (cell wall peel off, skin damage, surface treatments), gauge length, and grip pressure fluctuation during testing all contribute to this variation [24].…”

Section: Tensile Stress Of the Opefbsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…The figures show the presence of silica bodies on the fiber surface, both in the fiber cured for 1 day (Figure 11(a)) and that cured for 360 days (Figure 11(d)). In previous studies, the silica bodies were found to play a role in the amount of friction on the surface of the OPEFB fiber [23,24,33]. In this study, there was no change in the fiber surface even though it interacted with the soil for 360 days.…”

Section: Unconfined Compressive Strength Of Stabilized Claysupporting

confidence: 43%

“…The tensile strength of OPEFB is reported to vary widely, even though tensile strength is a basic parameter that is directly related to other parameters. It has been reported as being in the range of 60-81 MPa [18], 74.4 MPa [23], and 21260 MPa [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides functioning as synthetic fibers, natural fibers have the advantages of being environmentally friendly [25], locally available, able to become composites with cement or lime, inexpensive, and degradable [2,24,26]. The degradation of natural fibers is an important issue in their use as construction materials, especially in soils that tend to be moist and whose conditions can change.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tensile Strength and Durability of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Fiber in Soft Soil

Arifin¹

2022

GEOMATE

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Natural fibers are already being used to stabilize the soil. However, the exact mechanism by which natural fibers improve the shear strength of soil is still not clear, and it varies according to the morphology of each fiber. Its durability in the soil is also an important issue in the use of natural fibers for soil stabilization. This study focused on the strength and durability of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) fiber as a stabilizing material for soft clay. The durability was determined according to the changes in tensile strength and friction of the soil after a certain period. The clay was obtained from Banyu Hirang in South Kalimantan. The OPEFB fiber was obtained without further treatment from a palm oil processing plant. Tensile, soil-fiber friction, and unconfined compression tests were conducted for mixtures of fiber and soil. Preparations were made for each test with the same duration and conditions (1, 7, 14, 28, and 90 days) in closed and open conditions. The results showed that the average tensile strength of the fiber before use was 101 MPa. This value decreased sharply after 14 days in the soil, leaving a strength of 35.71 MPa in the open condition and 23.89% in the closed condition on the 90th day. The soil-fiber friction increased with increasing time, reaching 0.15 MPa in both conditions from the initial value of 0.06 MPa. The compressive strength of the soil-fiber mixture also increased with time. The corresponding scanning electron microscope results strengthened the findings of this study.

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Section: Tensile Stress Of the Opefbsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Unconfined Compressive Strength Of Stabilized Claysupporting

confidence: 43%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tensile Strength and Durability of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Fiber in Soft Soil

Arifin¹

2022

GEOMATE

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“…Compared to synthetic fibers, the strain at the fiber break is very large, for example, as shown in Table 1, namely 9.7-22.1%. The large variation of the two parameters, both tensile strength and strain, is caused by several factors, including the age of the plant, the age of the fiber after extraction, the condition of the fiber surface (surface damage, damaged cell wall, or has undergone treatment), measuring length, and fluctuations in gripping pressure during testing [1]. On the other hand, fiber-reinforced soil's shear strength is made up of two parts: the shear strength of the soil matrix and the tensile stress in the fibers [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Equipment for Testing the Tensile Strength of Natural Fibers: Design and Implementation

Arifin

Siswanto

Arsyad

et al. 2023

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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The use of fibers, especially natural fibers, as construction materials has begun to develop. Natural fibers are also used for soil stabilization, where there are two mechanisms for increasing soil strength: tensile strength and fiber-soil friction. The purpose of this research is to design and build simple, inexpensive tools that can be used to test the tensile strength of a natural fiber. The tool consists of three main parts, namely the pull tool, loadcell, and display, and a supporting component, namely the computer. Prior to use, two calibrations were performed with respect to load cell accuracy and the vertical deformation of the tool. The equipment was used directly to measure the tensile strength of one of the natural fibers from oil palm empty fruit bunches. The relationship between stress and strain, fiber diameter, and fiber strength is discussed and compared with behaviors reported from the existing literature. The tensile strength of oil palm empty fruit bunches was found to be 107 MPa on average, with a strain at break of 6%. Fiber behavior, independent of diameter, was discovered to include elastic and plastic regions in the stress-strain relationship.

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A two‐stage analysis for the role of fiber size in terms of length distribution on the performance under accelerated weathering tests of oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber‐reinforced vinyl acrylic composites

Aguilar,

Tenemaza,

Valle

et al. 2023

Polymer Composites

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The performance of natural fiber‐reinforced polymer composites (NFRPCs) can be markedly affected by fiber length, to the extent that a sole mean value and standard deviation fail to accurately represent its overall dispersion. Hence, measuring the variability of fiber length is crucial to comprehend its influence on the properties of the resulting composites. Unfortunately, few studies have been conducted on this topic. This work consisted of two research stages: the first related to the effect of both fiber length distribution and processing temperature on the properties of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) fiber‐reinforced vinyl acrylic composites, while the second stage analyzed the influence of the fiber length distribution on the material performance under accelerated weathering tests. Broadly, composites were characterized by tensile mechanical testing, optical microscopy and SEM, FTIR spectroscopy, TGA, and microbiological analysis. The key results showed that processing the material at temperatures surpassing 75°C did not lead to a homogenous phase between the components, rendering it unworthy of consideration. Furthermore, composites containing the longest OPEFB fibers exhibited the lowest elongation‐at‐break values. Regarding the incidence of aging treatments, pronounced effects were observed in those composites exposed to UV radiation and salt fog. In detail, the elongation at break decreased by up to 34%, while the tensile strength increased by up to 1 MPa, and Young's modulus rose by up to 17%. Finally, two fungal genera, Fusarium sp. and Rhizophydium sp., were identified on the OPEFB fibers; nevertheless, no fungal growth was observed on the composites.Highlights Natural reinforcement/filler size measured as fiber length distribution. Effect of fiber length distribution on composite performance. Composite performance after accelerated weathering tests.

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Oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber: surface morphology, treatment, and suitability as reinforcement in cement composites- A state of the art review

Cited by 19 publications

References 55 publications

Tensile Strength and Durability of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Fiber in Soft Soil

Tensile Strength and Durability of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Fiber in Soft Soil

Equipment for Testing the Tensile Strength of Natural Fibers: Design and Implementation

A two‐stage analysis for the role of fiber size in terms of length distribution on the performance under accelerated weathering tests of oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber‐reinforced vinyl acrylic composites

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