Oil dispersing and adsorption by carboxymethyl cellulose–oxalate nanofibrils/nanocrystals and their kinetics

Abstract

The aim of our work is the preparation of cellulose nanofibrils or nanocrystals made from cellulose that is recovered from sugarcane bagasse agricultural waste (SC) as a dispersant instead of commercial cellulose for oil spill cleanup. In the current study, carboxymethyl cellulose was prepared by cellulose mercerization, which was then esterified by oxalic acid to create nanocellulose. Incorporation of oxalate into carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) was verified by 1H‐NMR spectroscopy by the appearance of a new peak at 8.15 ppm for CMC–oxalate. The degree of substitution (DS) of oxalate was 0.17. The synthesized nanocellulose formed particles were roughly the same size and shape as both cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs): measuring 321–480 nm in length and 4–5 nm in width. Emulsions of paraffins made from CMC–oxalate are stable up to 10 months without undergoing precipitation. CMC–oxalate had great thermal stability and worked well as a paraffin oil dispersant. CMC–oxalate provided a barrier around the oil droplet surface, which prevented droplets from coalescing. This hypothesis is supported by the contact angle measurement for the O/W emulsion formed by CMC–oxalate being 0°, which is lower than the value for emulsions formed by underivatized CMC, 37.20°. From transmission electron microscopy observations, O/W emulsions of paraffin oil were spherical in shape, and separated from each other by a distance of 30–100 nm. This study shows that CMC–oxalate can be prepared by a low‐cost method, yielding nanocellulose with characteristics that resemble CNFs and CNCs, thereby opening up new potential applications for cellulose nanomaterials.

Biodegradable carboxymethyl cellulose based material for sustainable/active food packaging application

“…where A C is the crystalline peak area and A t is the total area (Tohamy et al, 2022a; b; e).where λ is the wavelength, β and θ are full widths at half maxima and Bragg’s angle of the XRD peak, respectively. 7,20,21…”

“…where λ is the wavelength, β and θ are full widths at half maxima and Bragg's angle of the XRD peak, respectively. 7,20,21…”

“…3 A family of natural carbohydrate polymers known as cellulose can be found in an almost endless supply of raw materials, including plants, agricultural waste, marine species' shells, and microbes. 4,[7][8][9] Depending on the origin of the plants, the plant cell wall of cellulose fibers comprises varying amounts of cellulose embedded as microfibrils in a matrix of hemicellulose, lignin, pectin, ash, and other extractives. 4,5 The current project's goal is to create cellulose-based food packaging films.…”

Fluorescence ‘Turn-on’ Probe for Chromium Reduction, Adsorption and Detection Based on Cellulosic Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Quantum Dots Hydrogels

“…Cellulose, a complex sugar molecule that naturally forms lengthy chains, is one of the most common organic molecules found on Earth. It is derived from renewable resources, making it a sustainable and versatile material [17][18][19]. Cellulose molecules have both water loving and water hating regions.…”

“…The hydrophilic groups are located in the equatorial positions of the glucopyranose ring, while the hydrophobic groups are located in the axial positions [17]. Hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) is a safe, non-reactive, biocompatible, tasteless, and water-soluble cellulose derivative [8,18]. Sustainable fluorescent N-CQDs prepared from mature beech pinewood sawdust (MB) are commonly used to make HEC-based hydrogels.…”