Oil composition of high-fat diet affects metabolic inflammation differently in connection with endotoxin receptors in mice

Abstract

Low-grade inflammation observed in obesity is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Recent studies revealed that this would be linked to gut-derived endotoxemia during fat digestion in high-fat diets, but nothing is known about the effect of lipid composition. The study was designed to test the impact of oil composition of high-fat diets on endotoxin metabolism and inflammation in mice. C57/Bl6 mice were fed for 8 wk with chow or isocaloric isolipidic diets enriched with oils differing in fatty acid composition: milk fat, palm oil, rapeseed oil, or sunflower oil. In vitro, adipocytes (3T3-L1) were stimulated or not with lipopolysaccharide (LPS; endotoxin) and incubated with different fatty acids. In mice, the palm group presented the highest level of IL-6 in plasma ( P < 0.01) together with the highest expression in adipose tissue of IL-1β and of LPS-sensing TLR4 and CD14 ( P < 0.05). The higher inflammation in the palm group was correlated with a greater ratio of LPS-binding protein (LBP)/sCD14 in plasma ( P < 0.05). The rapeseed group resulted in higher sCD14 than the palm group, which was associated with lower inflammation in both plasma and adipose tissue despite higher plasma endotoxemia. Taken together, our results reveal that the palm oil-based diet resulted in the most active transport of LPS toward tissues via high LBP and low sCD14 and the greatest inflammatory outcomes. In contrast, a rapeseed oil-based diet seemed to result in an endotoxin metabolism driven toward less inflammatory pathways. This shows that dietary fat composition can contribute to modulate the onset of low-grade inflammation through the quality of endotoxin receptors.

Prenatal androgen exposure causes hypertension and gut microbiota dysbiosis

“…38 , 39 Bacteria from the family Enterobacteriaceae , particularly Escherichia coli , have been associated with increased systemic lipopolysaccharides 136 , increased risk of obesity, inflammation, reduced glomerular filtration rate, increased serum cystatin C and insulin resistance. 71 , 137 , 138 …”

Effect of the supplementation linseed oil, inulin and horse chestnut into a high fat diet on the fatty acid profile of pigs

“…The intake of a HF diet, especially one containing a high portion of SFA (palm oil in our study), is characterized by its negative effect on the body (FIORENTINI et al, 2015;LAUGERETTE et al, 2015). Dietary manipulations at the beginning of the food chain may increase the content of n-3 FA and mitigate the negative effect in humans with a HF diet.…”

“…A palm oil, containing a high content of SFA (FIORENTINI et al, 2015), which is responsible for negative alteration in the body (LAUGERETTE et al, 2015), was added to the diet in the amount of 13% to increase the content of fat in the diet. There were 3 experimental treatments: the control (CG, n = 6) was fed with the basal HF diet; the LG (n = 6) received a supplement of linseed oil (Lini oleum virginale, n-6/n-3 in a ratio of 1/3, Dr. Kulich Pharma, Czech Republic) daily in the amount of 5ml per pig and the IG (n=6) received inulin (Beneo, Belgium) and horse chestnut (Aesculus Hippocastanum) (extract Hippocastani extractum siccum, Calendula, Slovak Republic) daily in the The experimental data were subjected to an ANOVA using Statgraphic Plus 3.1 software.…”

Endotoxemia Analysis by the Limulus Amoebocyte Lysate Assay in Different Mammal Species Used in Metabolic Studies

“…This was recently confirmed by Gnauck et al (17) showing that the LAL test may be sometimes unsuitable to measure human endotoxemia if no method to overcome sequestration by plasma components is found. As proposed by Gnauck et al and our previous studies [33,34], endotoxemia analysis can be completed by measuring the concentrations of plasma LPS receptor and transporter, namely sCD14 and LBP. The endotoxin metabolic pathway then includes the binding of LPS to LPS-binding protein (LBP) and its transfer to the receptor CD-14.…”

“…In this respect, given the long half-lives of sCD14 and LBP (24-48 h) compared with endotoxin (from <8 min in mice to a maximum of 3 hours in humans), sCD14 and plasma LBP seem to reflect long-term exposure to endotoxin rather than the measurement of endotoxemia itself [37,38], which is more reliable to measure transient kinetics of endotoxin absorption [4,30]. We thus advise to measure others markers as LBP and sCD14 to complete endotoxemia [33,39,40]. Moreover, recently developed alternative assays based on ELISA or recombinant technology for measuring endotoxin concentration (rather that activity) in plasma were developed.…”