Ohm's law, Fick's law, and diffusion samplers for gases

Palmes, E. D.; Lindenboom, Robin H.

doi:10.1021/ac50050a026

Cited by 36 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The first application of passive samplers was the monitoring of human exposure at workplace atmospheres (Palmes et al 1976). The average atmospheric concentration is calculated by Fick's first law, using the exposure period (Palmes and Lindenboom 1979). Several passive samplers have been developed since Palmes and Gunnison published the principles of passive sampling (Palmes and Gunnison 1973).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

SO2 in Beirut: air quality implication and effects of local emissions and long-range transport

Afif

Chélala

Borbon

et al. 2008

Air Qual Atmos Health

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While sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) emissions have been dramatically restricted in the past few decades, some cities in developing countries still encounter high pollution levels. This makes it essential to implement an air quality monitoring network in these sensitive regions. Results from a program of measuring groundlevel concentration of SO 2 (from December 2004 till July 2006) at 22 curbside and background sites within the city of Beirut (Lebanon) are presented for the first time. Four-week sampling period measurements were made over 20 periods for all sites by passive sampling. Low SO 2 concentrations were observed (3.1 parts per billion on average for the whole period). This value is among the lowest observed in urban areas worldwide. Thus, Beirut is not polluted by SO 2 on an annual basis. Highest concentrations were measured in winter time, resulting from low height of the boundary layer and higher emissions of SO 2 (e.g., heating). Cluster analysis revealed two different SO 2 variation patterns over the city (high-and low-level patterns), highlighting the effects of local sources location and wind direction variability on SO 2 distribution. Analysis of seasonal variations pointed out a springtime SO 2 maximum in 2005. Beside local sources, long-range transport can account for an important source of SO 2 in Beirut, explaining around 50% of SO 2 levels within the city.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

SO2 in Beirut: air quality implication and effects of local emissions and long-range transport

Afif

Chélala

Borbon

et al. 2008

Air Qual Atmos Health

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show abstract

“…The sampling rate is controlled by a physical process, which can be molecular diffusion through a static air layer or permeation through a membrane filter (Brown et al, 1984). The average atmospheric concentration can be calculated based on Fick's law of diffusion during the intended sampling period under specific meteorological conditions (Palmes and Lindenboom, 1979). Based on the pioneering work by Palmes and Gunnison (1973) on passive sampling design, several passive samplers have been developed for application under the field conditions (Ayers et al, 1998;De Santis et al, 2002;Sather et al, 2007;Swaans et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of NO2 and SO2 Measurements Using Different Passive Samplers in Tropical Environment

Balasubramanian

et al. 2014

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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This report describes the results of an inter-comparison study conducted for the sampling and analysis of NO 2 and SO 2 by using different type of passive samplers in tropical urban environment. For this purpose, field experiments were proposed to be conducted by two round robin tests from Sept. 2007 to Aug. 2008 in Singapore. A set of different types of passive samplers have been exposed to ambient air at atmospheric research station in National University of Singapore along with suitable active samplers (as reference method) for a sufficient period of time (3-4 weeks). Annular denuder system (ADS) active sampling data showed that NO 2 concentration level (23.8-28.1 ppb) in Singapore was slightly higher than the WHO guideline but SO 2 concentration (12.5-14.9 ppb) was approximately twice the value of WHO guideline. For the two round robin tests, accuracy analysis by using active sampling data as reference demonstrated that grand mean values from passive air sampling (PAS) and active sampler average concentrations, for both NO 2 and SO 2 , are in close agreement with each other. Precision evaluation based on the triplicate samplers co-located at the same sampling siteSingapore showed that most of the passive samplers applied here had repeatability. ANOVA statistical analysis also showed no significant difference between the measurement data obtained by different type of passive samplers for both round robin tests in Singapore.

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“…Os amostradores difusivos baseiam-se no movimento das molé-culas através de um gradiente de concentração que, em equilíbrio dinâmico pode ser definido pela primeira lei de difusão de Fick 25 .…”

Section: Princípio Do Funcionamento Dos Amostradores Passivosunclassified

Amostragem passiva de poluentes atmosféricos: aplicação ao SO2

Cruz¹,

Campos²

2002

Quím. Nova

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Ohm's law, Fick's law, and diffusion samplers for gases

Cited by 36 publications

References 12 publications

SO2 in Beirut: air quality implication and effects of local emissions and long-range transport

SO2 in Beirut: air quality implication and effects of local emissions and long-range transport

Comparison of NO2 and SO2 Measurements Using Different Passive Samplers in Tropical Environment

Amostragem passiva de poluentes atmosféricos: aplicação ao SO2

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