OH⁻absorption and holographic storage properties of Sc(0, 1, 2, 3):Ru:Fe:LiNbO₃crystals

Abstract

A series of Sc:Ru:Fe:LiNbO3 crystals with various levels of Sc2O3(0, 1, 2, and 3 mol%) doping were grown from congruent melts in air by using the Czochralski technique.

Enhancement of Photorefraction in Vanadium-Doped Lithium Niobate through Iron and Zirconium Co-Doping

“…Figure 4 shows the OH − absorption spectrum in the range of 3400 to 3600 cm −1 , which helps us to observe the structural changes of LN crystals with various doping [13,20,36,37]. From Figure 4, we can see that the OH − absorption peaks for LN1, LN2, LN4, LN5, and LN7 appear at 3485 cm −1 , LN3 and LN6 appear at 3487 cm −1 , and LN8 and CLN appear at 3489 cm −1 and 3483 cm −1 .…”

“…Some researchers have started commercial applications, such as in image holography, etc., but they also have some practical hurdles that remain due to their size and applied high voltages [10,11,12]. Despite that, LN crystal is still considered the most popular material media for 3D-holographic storage devices and dynamic holography applications [5,10,13]. Up to now, various mono-, double-, and tri-doped LN crystals with dopants, such as Fe, Mn, V, Bi, Mo, In, Zn, Zr, Mg, etc., were studied for PR properties enhancement [13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20].…”

“…Despite that, LN crystal is still considered the most popular material media for 3D-holographic storage devices and dynamic holography applications [5,10,13]. Up to now, various mono-, double-, and tri-doped LN crystals with dopants, such as Fe, Mn, V, Bi, Mo, In, Zn, Zr, Mg, etc., were studied for PR properties enhancement [13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20]. Fe doping in LN is the major candidate and is extensively studied by a large number of the researchers; the long response time, scattering, and volatility of these crystals are still in the phase of development [13,14,15,16,21].…”

“…Up to now, various mono-, double-, and tri-doped LN crystals with dopants, such as Fe, Mn, V, Bi, Mo, In, Zn, Zr, Mg, etc., were studied for PR properties enhancement [13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20]. Fe doping in LN is the major candidate and is extensively studied by a large number of the researchers; the long response time, scattering, and volatility of these crystals are still in the phase of development [13,14,15,16,21]. To realize a nonvolatile readout, several methods have been developed so far, i.e., thermal fixing, electrical fixing, and two-step recording [14,22].…”

Dopant Occupancy and UV–Vis–NIR Spectroscopy of Sc:Yb:Tm:LiNbO3 in the 300–3000 nm Wavelength Range

“…This change is similar with our previous work, in which the OH − absorption peak at 3507 cm −1 indicates that the concentration of Sc 3+ ions exceeds the threshold value. [ 18 ] Based on the Li vacancy model theory, there are many intrinsic defects including anti‐site Nb () and Li vacancy () in congruent LiNbO 3 crystals. [ 19 ] Due to their effective negative charge, the H + ions tend to congregate in the vicinity of Li + vacancies forming ( V Li ) − ‐OH − , which is responsible for the OH − absorption peak near 3482 cm −1 .…”