“…However, the results of some studies indicate that psychological well-being of pre-service teachers did not significantly differ depending on gender, age, program in which they are enrolled (Öztan Ulusoy & Konaklı, 2017), grade level and academic achievement (Kumcağız & Gündüz, 2016) variables. Yet, some studies found that personality traits and selfunderstanding (Sarıcaoğlu, 2011), various values (hedonism, universalism and self-transcendence) (Telef, Uzman, & Ergün, 2013), fear of happiness (Sarı & Çakır, 2016), self-consciousness (Demirci & Şar, 2017), selfdiscrimination (Karababa, Mert, & Çetiner, 2018) and perceived social competence and assertiveness (Ateş & Çelik, 2018) significantly predicted pre-service teachers' psychological well-being. Some studies detected significant relations between psychological well-being of pre-service teachers and some variables such as smart phone addiction (Kumcağız & Gündüz, 2016), physical and emotional abuse (Bozgün & Pekdoğan, 2017).…”