Offspring Sex Ratios in Parasitoid Wasps

King, B. H.

doi:10.1086/415618

Cited by 446 publications

(373 citation statements)

References 108 publications

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“…The presence of this second portion, probably guarantees that only a little amount of the stored spermatozoa is ejaculated per sexual copulation. This restraint would be essential to provide each male with the potential to mate with many females in rapid succession ( King, 1987).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural and ultrastructural characterization of male reproductive tracts and spermatozoa in fig wasps of the genus Pegoscapus (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea)

Fiorillo

Lino‐Neto

Báo

2008

Micron

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural and ultrastructural characterization of male reproductive tracts and spermatozoa in fig wasps of the genus Pegoscapus (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea)

Fiorillo

Lino‐Neto

Báo

2008

Micron

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“…Females are thus forced to disperse to new patches to oviposit. In contrast, the males of many such species will often remain within their natal patch and mate with any eclosing females (parasitoid wasps: Hamilton, 1967;King, 1987;Godfray, 1994;Hardy, 1994;Hardy and Cook, 1995;Godfray and Cook, 1997;Hardy et al, 1999;parasitoid flies: Godfray, 1994; pollinating fig wasps: Hamilton, 1979;Herre et al, 1997;Ahmed et al, 2009; bark and ambrosia beetles and some species of aphids and mites: Wrensch and Ebbert, 1993). When females lay many eggs per patch, there is potential for competition between brothers for mating opportunities called Local Mate Competition (Hamilton, 1967).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex ratio dependent dispersal when sex ratios vary between patches

Nelson

Greeff

2011

Journal of Theoretical Biology

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Female biased sex ratios reduce competition between brothers when mating takes place within local patches. Male dispersal prior to mating is another strategy that reduces competition between brothers. One may thus expect these two traits to co-evolve and this is partially met in that sex ratios becomes less female biased as dispersal increases. However, the evolutionary stable degree of dispersal is unaffected by the sex ratio. The analytical models developed to reach these conclusions ignored variance in sex ratios since this increases the structural complexity of models. For similar reasons finite clutch sizes are also routinely ignored. To overcome these shortfalls, we developed individual based simulations that allowed us to 2 incorporate realistic clutch sizes and binomial variance in sex ratios between patches. We show that under variable sex ratios, males evolve to more readily disperse away from patches with higher sex ratios than lower sex ratios. We show that, while the dispersal rate is insensitive to the sex ratio when sex ratios are precise, it is affected by the number of males with dispersal decreasing as the number of males decreases.

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“…Theoretically, reduced levels of host feeding imply a better chance of parasitism, directly leading to an increase in parasitoid numbers as opposed to high host feeding levels that do not result in a population build-up (Ode and Heinz 2002). However, despite apparent low levels of host feeding observed in the current study, from a pest management perspective, host feeding has an additive effect on the total mortality imposed by D. isaea.Host quality, host feeding, and nonhost diet can influence sex allocation by female solitary parasitoid wasps (Charnov 1982, King 1987, Kidd and Jervis 1989, Godfray 1994, Ode and Hardy 2008. A carbohydrate-rich diet, e.g., honey, may increase the proportion of female progeny of parasitoids (Onagbola et al 2007).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Host quality, host feeding, and nonhost diet can influence sex allocation by female solitary parasitoid wasps (Charnov 1982, King 1987, Kidd and Jervis 1989, Godfray 1994, Ode and Hardy 2008. A carbohydrate-rich diet, e.g., honey, may increase the proportion of female progeny of parasitoids (Onagbola et al 2007).…”

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confidence: 99%

Host Plant-Related Parasitism and Host Feeding Activities of Diglyphus isaea (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) on Liriomyza huidobrensis, Liriomyza sativae, and Liriomyza trifolii (Diptera: Agromyzidae)

et al. 2012

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Host plant species can affect the behavior and attributes of parasitoids, such as host searching, oviposition, and offspring fitness. In this study, parasitism, host feeding, and sex ratios of Diglyphus isaea (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) on Liriomyza huidobrensis (Blanchard), Liriomyza sativae Blanchard, and Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) larvae reared on Phaseolus vulgaris L., Pisum sativum L., Solanum lycopersicum L., and Vicia faba L. were determined. In no-choice tests, L. huidobrensis had the highest rate of parasitism when reared on P. vulgaris (46%), L. sativae when reared on V. faba (59%) and P. vulgaris (59%), and L. trifolii when reared on S. lycopersicum (68%). Host feeding in no-choice tests ranged between 2% and 36% and was highest on L. trifolii reared on V. faba. Results of choice tests showed a significant interaction effect for host plant and Liriomyza species on parasitism and host feeding. Within plant mixtures, L. sativae reared on P. vulgaris had the highest rate of parasitism (31%), followed by L. trifolii on S. lycopersicum (29%) and L. huidobrensis on V. faba (28%). Host feeding was highest on L. trifolii reared on S. lycopersicum (14%) and lowest on L. huidobrensis reared on P. sativum and S. lycopersicum (1%). In some instances, plant mixtures resulted in a higher proportion of females of D. isaea than single plant species. The highest proportion of females was obtained in plant mixtures on L. huidobrensis and L. trifolii on V. faba (71 and 72%, respectively). This study suggests that planting crop mixtures can potentially lead to higher proportions of females, thus improving parasitism and host feeding, depending on Liriomyza and host plant species. Keywords: biological control, leafminer, ectoparasitoid, sex ratio, tritrophic interactionsThe leafmining flies Liriomyza huidobrensis (Blanchard), Liriomyza sativae Blanchard, and Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) are economically important pests of a wide range of greenhouse and field-grown plants (Murphy and LaSalle 1999, Liu et al. 2009). These three pests are considered alien invasive species in the Afrotropical region, and L. trifolii was first reported in Kenya in 1976, where 10 yr after its accidental introduction the pest was found to be widespread from the coastal regions to the highlands (Spencer 1985). The three Liriomyza species are highly polyphagous, attacking plants in several families 1 (Murphy and LaSalle 1999). Globally, they are important pests of high value horticultural crops such as snow pea (Pisum sativum L.; Fabaceae), French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.; Fabaceae), runner bean (Phaseolus coccineus L.; Fabaceae), okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench; Malvaceae], aubergine (Solanum melongena L.; Solanaceae), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.; Solanaceae), and passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims; Passifloraceae), and they can cause yield losses of up to 100% (Spencer 1973(Spencer , 1990Kotze and Dennill 1996;Chabi-Olaye et al. 2008;Gitonga et al. 2010).Previous ...

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Offspring Sex Ratios in Parasitoid Wasps

Cited by 446 publications

References 108 publications

Structural and ultrastructural characterization of male reproductive tracts and spermatozoa in fig wasps of the genus Pegoscapus (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea)

Structural and ultrastructural characterization of male reproductive tracts and spermatozoa in fig wasps of the genus Pegoscapus (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea)

Sex ratio dependent dispersal when sex ratios vary between patches

Host Plant-Related Parasitism and Host Feeding Activities of Diglyphus isaea (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) on Liriomyza huidobrensis, Liriomyza sativae, and Liriomyza trifolii (Diptera: Agromyzidae)

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