Offshore Wind-to-Hydrogen Production Plant Integrated with an Innovative Hydro-Pneumatic Energy Storage Device

Abstract

One of the main technical challenges of wind-to-hydrogen production plants is to couple intermittent and variable renewable power sources, such as wind turbines, with an electrolyser. Most hydrogen production concepts rely on electrical storage to smoothen the power input to the electrolyser. In this study, the use of a hydro-pneumatic energy storage system is proposed as an interface between the green, fluctuating electricity supply and the electrolyser. The performance of the proposed solution is analysed and compared to that of a conventional offshore wind-to-hydrogen production plant in order to identify potential advantages and drawbacks. The results of the simulations show that the FLASC energy storage system provides a stabilized, yet green power supply. Short-term fluctuations of the power input to the electrolyser can be avoided. A 70% reduction of the On/Off cycles can be obtained. Moreover, if compared to an offshore wind-to-hydrogen production plant with no storage there is no substantial difference in terms of hydrogen production observed over the analysed period of one year in spite of a 70% round-trip efficiency of the energy storage device.

Feasibility analysis of green hydrogen production from oceanic energy

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Fig. 4 Electrolyzers are most commonly used to produce green hydrogen with marine energy [ 17 , 19 , 20 , 31 , [47] , [48] , [49] , [50] , [51] , [52] , [53] , [54] , [55] , [56] , [57] , [58] , [59] , [60] , [61] , [62] , [63] , [64] , [65] , [66] , [67] , [68] , [69] , [70] , [71] , [72] , [73] , [74] , [75] , [76] ].

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“…Finally, 50 articles were selected for a comprehensive review. They were classified into 4 groups: (1) study cases [ [34] , [35] , [36] , [37] , [38] , [39] , [40] , [41] , [42] , [43] , [44] , [45] , [46] ], (2) technical-economic evaluations [ 17 , 19 , 20 , [47] , [48] , [49] , [50] , [51] , [52] , [53] , [54] , [55] , [56] , [57] , [58] , [59] , [60] , [61] ], (3) environmental analysis or life cycle assessment (LCA) [ 62 ] and (4) design and evaluation of system performance [ 30 , [63] , [64] , [65] , [66] , [67] , [68] , [69] , [70] , [71] , [72] , [73] , [74] , [75] , [76] ]. Fig.…”