Offshore Wind Farms to Support Existing Power Plants Case Study: Deir Ammar Power Plant, Tripoli, Lebanon

Al-Kaaki, Omar; Salameh, Elio; Assi, Ali; Arnaout, Mohammad; Salameh, Wassim

doi:10.1109/imcet.2018.8603069

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Electricity generated in the country originates mostly from fossil sources that need to be imported. Following the 2020 objective for 12% of electricity from renewable sources in Lebanon [1], some studies have pointed out that electricity from renewable sources-solar and wind energy-needs to be incorporated into the electric mix [2][3][4][5]. Younes et al [6] suggested that a decentralized policy for energy production could contribute to the economic feasibility of incorporating renewables into the Lebanese electric system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Younes et al [6] suggested that a decentralized policy for energy production could contribute to the economic feasibility of incorporating renewables into the Lebanese electric system. In the case of wind energy, a study indicated that offshore wind energy could be used to support or complement existing power plants [1], but to that purpose, accurate estimation of wind resources is needed. Inland wind-energy potential has been partially assessed using a limited number of sensors [7], but the most comprehensive study carried out so far on Lebanese wind-energy potential is the National Wind Atlas, prepared by the United Nations and made public in 2011 [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of Lebanon’s Offshore-Wind-Energy Potential

Ibarra-Berastegi

Ulazia

Sáenz

et al. 2019

JMSE

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The only regional evaluation of Lebanese wind-energy potential (National Wind Atlas) dates back to 2011 and was carried out by a United Nations agency. In this work, data from the most recent reanalysis (ERA5) developed at the European Center for Medium Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF), corresponding to the 2010–2017 period, were used to evaluate Lebanese offshore-wind-energy potential. In the present study, wind power density associated to a SIEMENS 154/6 turbine was calculated with a horizontal resolution of 31 km and 1 hour time steps. This work incorporated the impact of air density changes into the calculations due to the seasonal evolution of pressure, temperature, and humidity. Observed average offshore air density ρ 0 was 1.19 kg / m 3 for the 2010–2017 period, but if instead of ρ 0 , hourly ρ values were used, seasonal oscillations of wind power density ( W P D ) represented differences in percentage terms ranging from −4% in summer to +3% in winter. ERA5 provides hourly wind, temperature, pressure, and dew-point temperature values that allowed us to calculate the hourly evolution of air density during this period and could also be used to accurately evaluate wind power density off the Lebanese coast. There was a significant gradient in wind power density along the shore, with the northern coastal area exhibiting the highest potential and reaching winter values of around 400 W / m 2 . Finally, this study suggests that the initial results provided by the National Wind Atlas overestimated the true offshore-wind-energy potential, thus highlighting the suitability of ERA5 as an accurate tool for similar tasks globally.

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