“…There have been other attempts to link GVC and business theory (De Marchi, Di Maria, & Ponte, 2014;Humphrey, 2014;Lema, 2014;Narula & Wahed, 2017), along with efforts to connect GVC and innovation theory (De Marchi, Giuliani, & Rabellotti, 2017;Keijser & Iizuka, 2018;Pietrobelli & Staritz, 2018;Tajoli & Felice, 2018), but there are differences in the two approaches. Whereas business theories, particularly the strategy approach, emphasize agency, this is a weak point in the GVC literature, which puts greater emphasis on structure and constraints on action.…”