Offshore blooms of the red tide dinoflagellate, Alexandrium sp., in the Gulf of Maine

Townsend, David W.; Pettigrew, Neal R.; Thomas, Andrew C.

doi:10.1016/s0278-4343(00)00093-5

Cited by 117 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Another potentially confounding factor is the presence of subsurface populations of A. fundyense known to be present in the Gulf of Maine (Townsend et al, 2001), yet not included in this analysis of near-surface observations. Thin (<5m) layers of A. fundyense tend to be located tens of meters deep in association with the pycnocline and nutricline, and are most prevalent in offshore waters on the frontal boundaries of the Maine Coastal Current (Townsend et al, submitted-a).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is particularly surprising given the tremendous patchiness present in synoptic distributions of the organism (e.g. Townsend et al 2001;Anderson et al 2005). Perhaps the organism's life history strategy, including a resting cyst stage, lends intrinsic stability to the population on interannual to interdecadal time periods (Wyatt and Jenkinson, 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interannual variability of Alexandrium fundyense abundance and shellfish toxicity in the Gulf of Maine

McGillicuddy

Anderson

Solow

et al. 2005

Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography

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Six years of oceanographic surveys of Alexandrium fundyense concentrations in the Gulf of Maine are combined with shellfish toxicity records from coastal monitoring stations to assess covariations of these quantities on seasonal to interannual time scales. Annual mean gulf-wide cell abundance varies by less than one order of magnitude during the time interval examined (1993)(1994)(1995)(1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002). Fluctuations in gulf-wide annual mean cell abundance and shellfish toxicity are not related in a consistent manner. This suggests that interannual variations in toxicity may be regulated by transport and delivery of offshore cell populations, rather than the absolute abundance of the source populations themselves.2

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interannual variability of Alexandrium fundyense abundance and shellfish toxicity in the Gulf of Maine

McGillicuddy

Anderson

Solow

et al. 2005

Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography

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“…A systematic cyst survey (Anderson et al, submitted) revealed that the western Gulf of Maine cyst deposit originally discovered by Anderson and Keafer (1985) was much larger than previously thought, broadly distributed in the offshore waters from Casco Bay to Penobscot Bay (Figure 2a). Vegetative cell distributions were found to be gulf-wide in character ( Figure 3; also see Townsend et al 2001) 2 . Peak cell concentrations occur in association with the Maine Coastal Current.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Moreover, the center of mass shifts from west to east (progressively upstream with respect to the coastal current) as the season progresses from June to August. Also evident is the persistence of high cell abundance at the mouth of the Bay of Fundy, geographically associated with a large peak in the distribution of benthic cysts ( Figure 2 Note that the Townsend et al (2001) cell counts were based on an antibody probe that does not distinguish between A. fundyense and A. ostenfeldii. The former produces saxitoxins, whereas the latter does not.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms regulating large-scale seasonal fluctuations in Alexandrium fundyense populations in the Gulf of Maine: Results from a physical–biological model

McGillicuddy

Anderson

Lynch

et al. 2005

Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography

149

132

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Observations of Alexandrium fundyense in the Gulf of Maine indicate several salient characteristics of the vegetative cell distributions: patterns of abundance are gulf-wide in geographic scope; their main features occur in association with the Maine Coastal Current; and the center of mass of the distribution shifts upstream from west to east during the growing season from April to August. The mechanisms underlying these aspects are investigated using coupled physical-biological simulations that represent the population dynamics of A. fundyense within the seasonal mean flow. A model that includes germination, growth, mortality, and nutrient limitation is qualitatively consistent with the observations. Germination from resting cysts appears to be a key aspect of the population dynamics that confines the cell distribution near the coastal margin, as simulations based on a uniform initial inoculum of vegetative cells across the Gulf of Maine produces blooms that are broader in geographic extent than is observed. In general, cells germinated from the major cyst beds (in the Bay of Fundy and near Penobscot and Casco Bays) are advected in the alongshore direction from east to west in the coastal current. Growth of the vegetative cells is limited primarily by temperature from April through June throughout the gulf, whereas nutrient limitation occurs in July and August in the western gulf. Thus the seasonal shift in the center of mass of cells from west to east can be explained by changing growth conditions: growth is more rapid in the western gulf early in the season due to warmer temperatures, whereas growth is more rapid in the eastern gulf later in the season due to severe nutrient limitation in the western gulf during that time period. A simple model of encystment based on nutrient limitation predicts deposition of new cysts in the vicinity of the observed cyst bed offshore of Casco and Penobscot Bays, suggesting a pathway of re-seeding the bed from cells advected downstream in the coastal current. A retentive gyre at the mouth of the Bay of Fundy tends to favor re-seeding that cyst bed from local populations.

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“…The dinoflagellates include many harmful and/or toxic species that cause damage to fisheries, and there are a large number of case reports about the distributions and the bloom they cause (Tangen 1977;Carder and Steward 1985;Azanza and Max Taylor 2001;Townsend et al 2001;Su-Myat et al 2012a, b). Some species have established laboratory culture strains and their growth characteristics have been investigated (Heaney and Eppley 1981;Parkhill and Cembella 1999;Hwang and Lu 2000;Navarro et al 2006;Yamatogi et al 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bloom of the two dinoflagellates Ceratium furca and Diplopsalis lenticula in a mangrove estuary of Thailand

et al. 2015

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Knowledge of the planktonic species that appear in mangrove estuaries in tropical areas is still poor. We believe that case report data on the appearance of species is important for clarifying the ecosystem of the mangrove estuary. We report in this paper on the occurrence of blooms and discuss the factors that influence blooming, based on an observed bloom consisting of two dinoflagellates in the mangrove estuary of Samut Songkhram, Thailand, in December 2012. From fluorescence microscopic observation of the armors of the dinoflagellates after calcofluor white staining, we identified these dinoflagellates as Ceratium furca and Diplopsalis lenticula. In addition, from the annual data on air temperature and precipitation for that year, it was found that the bloom occurred in early dry season. Additionally, diatoms that inhibit the growth of dinoflagellates were observed at low densities. These results suggested that the two dinoflagellates, C. furca and D. lenticula, grew during disappearance of diatoms.

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Offshore blooms of the red tide dinoflagellate, Alexandrium sp., in the Gulf of Maine

Cited by 117 publications

References 25 publications

Interannual variability of Alexandrium fundyense abundance and shellfish toxicity in the Gulf of Maine

Interannual variability of Alexandrium fundyense abundance and shellfish toxicity in the Gulf of Maine

Mechanisms regulating large-scale seasonal fluctuations in Alexandrium fundyense populations in the Gulf of Maine: Results from a physical–biological model

Bloom of the two dinoflagellates Ceratium furca and Diplopsalis lenticula in a mangrove estuary of Thailand

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