Official Colours of Chinese Regimes: A Panchronic Philological Study With Historical Accounts of China

Abstract

The paper reports a panchronic philological study on the official colours of Chinese regimes. The historical accounts of the Chinese regimes are introduced. The official colours are summarised with philological references of archaic texts. Remarkably, it has been suggested that the official colours of the most ancient regimes should be the three primitive colours: (1) white-yellow, (2) black-grue yellow, and (3) red-yellow, instead of the simple colours. There were inconsistent historical records on the official colours of the most ancient regimes because the composite colour categories had been split. It has solved the historical problem with the linguistic theory of composite colour categories. Besides, it is concluded how the official colours were determined: At first, the official colour might be naturally determined according to the substance of the ruling population. There might be three groups of people in the Far East. (1) The developed hunter gatherers with livestock preferred the white-yellow colour of milk. (2) The farmers preferred the red-yellow colour of sun and fire. (3) The herders preferred the black-grue-yellow colour of water bodies. Later, after the Han-Chinese consolidation, the official colour could be politically determined according to the main property of the five elements in Sino-metaphysics. The red colour has been predominate in China for many reasons.

Colour Preference and Healing in Digital Roaming Landscape: A Case Study of Mental Subhealth Populations

“…The results show that green, yellow, and blue plants have the highest concentration of interest and should be used as the main colour in landscape scenes. The relatively high concentration of interest in red plants indicates that the subjects are influenced by traditional Chinese culture, which is consistent with the results of [ 48 ]. In the implementation of landscape projects, the hue interval can be selected from the HSV colour space model in this paper, and the green plant colour can be selected from 0.3621 to 0.4625, the yellow from 0.1061 to 0.1374, the blue from 0.5508 to 0.6197, and the red from 0.9551 to 0.9930, although the above plant colours are used as the main configuration applications for increasing interest among populations of psychological subhealth populations.…”

The Intensive Controversy on Chinese Historical Phonology: Refutation of the Liquid Medial for Division-2 in Old Chinese

“…2008) and renewed etymology (cf. Gao 2012Gao -3, 2014Gao , 2017Gao , 2018Gao , 2019aGao , 2019bGao , 2020aGao , 2020bGāo J. 2014;Gao and Tender 2020).…”

Etimologías que tienen en común las lenguas siníticas y las romances en las palabras en español can, pan, caño, manar, mano y sano

“…Para finalizar este apartado, la metodología sigue una etimología tradicional (Vossius 1622;Lemon 1783;Rask 1818;de Vaan 2008;Gāo 2008) y una etimología renovada (Gao 2012(Gao /2013(Gao , 2014(Gao , 2017(Gao , 2018(Gao , 2019a(Gao , 2019b(Gao , 2020a(Gao , 2020b(Gao , 2021a(Gao , 2021b(Gao , 2021c(Gao , 2021dGāo 2014Gāo , 2021; Gao y Tender 2020; Gao y Belolipeckij 2022).…”

“…Varios lingüistas han estudiado las equivalencias etimológicas entre las lenguas siníticas y las indoeuropeas (Guest, 1847(Guest, /1850Chase, 1861;Edkins, 1871;Schlegel 1872;Conrady, 1925;Jensen, 1936;Shafer, 1963Shafer, , 1965Pulleyblank, 1966Pulleyblank, , 1995Pulleyblank, , 1996Ulenbrook, 1967;Ulving, 1968;Chang, 1988;Gāo 2008;Gao, 2012Gao, , 2020bGao, , 2021bGao y Belolipeckij, 2022). A pesar de la larga historia y la gran variedad de publicaciones: monografías de Londres a Pekín, revistas de Orbis al Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, este enfoque no ha sido bien presentado en la lingüística general.…”