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Sustainable Streetscapes: Design Approaches and Examples of Viennese Practice

“…The body of literature on these topics is also reflected in the recommendations for Vienna, which focus on functional, environmental, social and economic aspects of streets. The literature review reveals that encouraging projects have begun to be realized in recent years in many cities [20,40,46,54,81] in a way to cover both a street's movement function and also its ecological and place function [42]. They are no longer planned mainly for cars, but also as a place to serve people's need for social and optional activity [36].…”

“…Although primarily set up for city development areas, the recommendations have validity in older and already built up parts of the city likewise. Here, existing streets may be transformed-for example, within the scope of renovation works as recent examples in Vienna show (Figure 7) [40,54].…”

“…Individual car traffic then comes last. Planning principles that meet human needs and make non-motorised uses inviting must be applied [19,36,[38][39][40][41]. As a consequence, streets are no longer treated as traffic spaces considered from an efficiency point of view to get from A to B as fast as possible, but as a quality space situated between A and B.…”

“…The inevitable public character, which generally implies public (and free) accessibility at all times, is noteworthy. Streets have always been meeting places and spaces of social expression and social as well as societal/political representation and identity [19,40,45,56]. People identify themselves with streets and occasionally they offer space for appropriation.…”

“…In addition to the specific needs of public institutions, the authors advocate providing sufficient flexible space for later changes and adaptations. Space without programming is also important for individual appropriation [40].…”