Offensive defenses: The mind beneath the mask of the dark triad traits

Richardson, Emma N.; Boag, Simon

doi:10.1016/j.paid.2015.12.039

Cited by 34 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…For example, several socioeconomic conditions and psychosocial health outcomes representing trade-offs linked to fast LH strategies were found to be associated with the DT (Jonason et al, 2013 , 2015 , 2016 ). Moreover, in line with earlier findings on the effect of early stressors on personality development and personality functions (see above), there is some evidence that DT traits are associated with suboptimal coping strategies (Rim, 1992 ; Ng et al, 2014 ; Birkás et al, 2016 ), reliance on immature ego-defense strategies (Richardson and Boag, 2016 ), reactive affectivity (Noser et al, 2014 ), and specific endocrinological reactions (Pfattheicher, 2016 ). These findings provide some support for the notion that DT traits can be considered as a core for fast LH trade-offs on the proximate level.…”

Section: The Dark Triad: Translating Early-life Adversities Into a Fasupporting

confidence: 75%

Early-Life Stressors, Personality Development, and Fast Life Strategies: An Evolutionary Perspective on Malevolent Personality Features

Csathó

Birkás

2018

Front. Psychol.

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Life history theory posits that behavioral adaptation to various environmental (ecological and/or social) conditions encountered during childhood is regulated by a wide variety of different traits resulting in various behavioral strategies. Unpredictable and harsh conditions tend to produce fast life history strategies, characterized by early maturation, a higher number of sexual partners to whom one is less attached, and less parenting of offspring. Unpredictability and harshness not only affects dispositional social and emotional functioning, but may also promote the development of personality traits linked to higher rates of instability in social relationships or more self-interested behavior. Similarly, detrimental childhood experiences, such as poor parental care or high parent-child conflict, affect personality development and may create a more distrustful, malicious interpersonal style. The aim of this brief review is to survey and summarize findings on the impact of negative early-life experiences on the development of personality and fast life history strategies. By demonstrating that there are parallels in adaptations to adversity in these two domains, we hope to lend weight to current and future attempts to provide a comprehensive insight of personality traits and functions at the ultimate and proximate levels.

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Section: The Dark Triad: Translating Early-life Adversities Into a Fasupporting

confidence: 75%

Early-Life Stressors, Personality Development, and Fast Life Strategies: An Evolutionary Perspective on Malevolent Personality Features

Csathó

Birkás

2018

Front. Psychol.

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“…Vulnerable narcissists, sometimes called hyper-sensitive, have a higher avoidance-motivation, while grandiose narcissists have a higher approach-motivation, thus translating into differing stress-levels in the present study. Our contribution to this body of knowledge is that many psychology studies relating to the Dark Triad or everyday perceptions of stress have not treated narcissism in two separate forms, which they according to our study results should (Noser et al 2014;Richardson and Boag 2016;Paulhus and Williams 2002). Due to the known links between stress and the trait Neuroticism, we believe the present results should be interpreted that persons with vulnerable narcissistic traits more readily perceive situations as threatening to self and thus stressful, rather than seeking out a lifestyle that is more stressful.…”

Section: Malevolent Personality and Stressmentioning

confidence: 66%

Dark malevolent traits and everyday perceived stress

Kajonius

Björkman

2018

Curr Psychol

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Stress is a factor that greatly impacts our lives. Previous research has examined individual differences in relation to stress. However, research regarding malevolent personality traits in relation to how stress is perceived is limited. The purpose of the present study was to investigate relationships between dark malevolent personality traits; psychopathy (EPA), Machiavellianism (MACH-IV), vulnerable narcissism (HSNS), grandiose narcissism (NPI-13), and perceived stress (PSS-10) in a community sample (N = 346). The results showed a strong positive relationship between vulnerable narcissism and perceived stress, while grandiose narcissism and psychopathy showed a small negative relationship with perceived stress. The discussion centers on that narcissism should be treated as two separate traits, and that psychopathy and Machiavellianism overlap in relation to the experience of stress in everyday life.

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“…The representations of experiences of childhood grievances and failures may function as latent vulnerabilities and the frustrating contexts and objects may transfer from their past relationships to the present ones. In order to get rid of their tormented feelings, Machiavellian persons transfer their frustrating, bad objects (which may be self or object representation) along with their negative emotional state into other people and identify others afterwards with these inner contents ( Richardson & Boag, 2016 ). Looking through the distorting glasses, they perceive others as malicious, hostile and threatening, and they condemn people to gain control over the situation and their own internal insecurities.…”

Section: Machiavellianism and Negativity Originating From Early Life mentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceptions of close relationship through the Machiavellians´ dark glasses: Negativity, distrust, self-protection against risk and dissatisfaction

et al. 2018

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It is commonly known from the literature that Machiavellian individuals have negative attitudes towards people and in general towards the world´s affairs. They are distrustful of the intentions of others, and they get cautiously involved into interpersonal interactions and take risks only if that may not have any severe negative consequence. It is also a fact that there are few ventures in life that potentially involve as much insecurity and personal vulnerability as the establishment and maintenance of close relationships. In our study, we were seeking the answer to the question: do people with high levels of Machiavellianism show a generally negative, distrustful and cautious attitude in their intimate relationships, as well? What effect their pessimistic approaches have on the other consequences of the relationship (satisfaction, commitment, investment, quality of alternatives)? This question was investigated on a dyadic sample of heterosexual couples (N = 101 pairs) with Actor-Partner Interdependence Model (APIM). The results of the correlations and actor effects show that men with high levels of Machiavellianism perceive in a negative way not just people in general, but their romantic partners and relationships as well and they experience an increased level of distrust, risk, and dissatisfaction into their close relationships. Women with high levels of Machiavellianism are less negativistic and feel less discontent towards their intimate partner and relationship, but even they are unable to put their distrust and precaution aside. The results of partner effects have revealed that women's Machiavellianism undermines men's trust, while men's Machiavellianism has the effect of minimizing women's investment into their relationship.

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Offensive defenses: The mind beneath the mask of the dark triad traits

Cited by 34 publications

References 34 publications

Early-Life Stressors, Personality Development, and Fast Life Strategies: An Evolutionary Perspective on Malevolent Personality Features

Early-Life Stressors, Personality Development, and Fast Life Strategies: An Evolutionary Perspective on Malevolent Personality Features

Dark malevolent traits and everyday perceived stress

Perceptions of close relationship through the Machiavellians´ dark glasses: Negativity, distrust, self-protection against risk and dissatisfaction

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