Off-Target Effect of Activation of NF-κB by HIV Latency Reversal Agents on Transposable Elements Expression

Curty, Gislaine; Íñiguez, Luis P.; Soares, Marcelo A.; Nixon, Douglas F.; Rougvie, Miguel de Mulder

doi:10.3390/v14071571

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 54 publications

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“…This result is in accordance with the bibliography and supports previous findings. Importantly HIV-1 infection is also associated with NF-κB signaling activation and transposable elements activation [ 124 ], which may suggest that HIV-1 and HERVs might be interconnected through a positive-feedback mechanism that involves inflammation induction and NF-κB activation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systems Biology Approach on the Regulatory Footprint of Human Endogenous Retroviruses (HERVs)

Μαρκόπουλος

2022

Diseases

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Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are a family of endogenous retroviruses that comprise the ~8.93% of the human genome sequence, with a high proportion being human specific. The recent expansion of repeated HERV sequences has offered a framework for genetic and epigenetic innovation. In the current report, a systematic approach is implemented to catalogue regulatory elements within HERVs, as a roadmap to potential functions of HERV sequences in gene networks. ENCODE Project has offered a wealth of epigenetic data based on omics technologies. I analyzed the presence of HERV sequences on consensus cis-regulatory elements (cCREs) from ENCODE data. On the one side, HERVs are in 1 out of 9 cCREs (>100.000 cCREs in total), dispersed within the genome and present in cis-regulatory regions of ~81% of human genes, as calculated following gene enrichment analysis. On the other side, promoter-associated HERV cCREs are present adjacent to (in a 200 bp window) the transcription start sites of 256 human genes. Regulatory network production, followed by centrality analysis led to the discovery of 90 core genes containing HERV-associated promoters. Pathway analysis on the core network genes and their immediate neighbors revealed a regulatory footprint that, among others, is associated with inflammation, chemokine signaling and response to viral infection. Collectively, these results support the concept that the expansion of regulatory sequences derived from HERVs is critical for epigenetic innovation that may have wired together genes into novel transcriptional networks with critical roles in cellular physiology and pathology.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systems Biology Approach on the Regulatory Footprint of Human Endogenous Retroviruses (HERVs)

Μαρκόπουλος

2022

Diseases

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HERVs: Expression Control Mechanisms and Interactions in Diseases and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Mantovani,

Kitsou,

Magiorkinis

2024

Genes

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Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are the result of retroviral infections acquired millions of years ago; nowadays, they compose around 8% of human DNA. Multiple mechanisms have been employed for endogenous retroviral deactivation, rendering replication and retrotransposition defective, while some of them have been co-opted to serve host evolutionary advantages. A pleiad of mechanisms retains the delicate balance of HERV expression in modern humans. Thus, epigenetic modifications, such as DNA and histone methylation, acetylation, deamination, chromatin remodeling, and even post-transcriptional control are recruited. In this review, we aim to summarize the main HERV silencing pathways, revisit paradigms of human disease with a HERV component, and emphasize the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and HERV interactions during HIV infection.

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Advances in Pediatric HIV-1 Cure Therapies and Reservoir Assays

Khetan

Liu

Dhummakupt

et al. 2022

Viruses

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Significant advances in the field of HIV-1 therapeutics to achieve antiretroviral treatment (ART)-free remission and cure for persons living with HIV-1 are being made with the advent of broadly neutralizing antibodies and very early ART in perinatal infection. The need for HIV-1 remission and cure arises due to the inability of ART to eradicate the major reservoir for HIV-1 in resting memory CD4+ T cells (the latent reservoir), and the strict adherence to lifelong treatment. To measure the efficacy of these cure interventions on reservoir size and to dissect reservoir dynamics, assays that are sensitive and specific to intact proviruses are critical. In this review, we provided a broad overview of some of the key interventions underway to purge the reservoir in adults living with HIV-1 and ones under study in pediatric populations to reduce and control the latent reservoir, primarily focusing on very early treatment in combination with broadly neutralizing antibodies. We also summarized assays currently in use to measure HIV-1 reservoirs and their feasibility and considerations for studies in children.

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Off-Target Effect of Activation of NF-κB by HIV Latency Reversal Agents on Transposable Elements Expression

Cited by 3 publications

References 54 publications

A Systems Biology Approach on the Regulatory Footprint of Human Endogenous Retroviruses (HERVs)

A Systems Biology Approach on the Regulatory Footprint of Human Endogenous Retroviruses (HERVs)

HERVs: Expression Control Mechanisms and Interactions in Diseases and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Advances in Pediatric HIV-1 Cure Therapies and Reservoir Assays

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