Off-Shoring And Outsourcing

Kahai, Simran K.; Tejinder, Sara; Kahai, Paramjit S.

doi:10.19030/jabr.v27i1.915

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Outsourcing has many positive impacts on the economic development of outsourcee countries. It provides employment opportunities in outsourcee countries and affects social life positively (Kahai et al, 2011). It motivates people to acquire new skills and to grow the economy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A framework for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions through carbon pricing for offshore outsourcing

Gurtu¹

2021

Preprint

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Reducing supply chain costs is a primary concern of every organization. Organizations have implemented offshore outsourcing as an effective strategy towards reducing supply chain costs. However, neither government nor corporate organizations have sufficiently taken into account the effects of this strategy on global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The purpose of this research is to analyze the impact of offshore outsourcing on global GHG emissions, and the effect of changes in fuel prices in addition to a carbon price on additional emissions on supply chain costs. The purpose is supported by five key objectives. The objectives are addressed through a systematic methodology. The analysis is supported by a literature review, and the development and testing of mathematical models. Finally, a framework to reduce global GHG emissions through a carbon price on differential emissions from manufacturing and additional emissions from international transportation is proposed. The findings suggest that offshore outsourcing has increased global emissions. The fuel prices are increasing at a rate higher than the overall rate. A carbon price on excess emissions due to outsourcing coupled with increasing fuel prices impacts supply chain costs adversely and leads to bigger lot-sizes. As an illustration at the national level, the framework showed that emissions for the USA increased by about 20% for every year between 2007 and 2010. As another example from a corporate organization, the net profit (profit after tax) for Wal-Mart was reduced by about 19% for 2006 due to a carbon price on manufacturing emissions alone. The suggested framework is a major contribution for quantifying the extent of changes in the emissions due to offshore outsourcing and the value of these emissions at a prevailing rate of carbon tax in North America. It is intended to provide a basis for reducing emissions and costs from global supply chains. The proposed framework provides a level playing field to manufacturers in different countries using different technologies, provides incentives to organizations for manufacturing in locations where net emissions are low, helps national governments determine how they can generate revenue for dealing with emissions, and, most importantly, aids in reducing overall global GHG emissions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A framework for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions through carbon pricing for offshore outsourcing

Gurtu¹

2021

Preprint

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“…The entire foundation of the world's economy is based on sharing of information. Kahai, Sara and Kahai (2011) discussed the development of the theory of the firm. The literature cited Porter (1990) that noted, the key source of a firm's competitive advantage, was the value chain of the firm.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The literature cited Porter (1990) that noted, the key source of a firm's competitive advantage, was the value chain of the firm. The value chain is the series of processes that add value to input into the firm, that produces a product for the customer of the firm (Kahai et. Al, 2011).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Increase in Consumer Debt Preceding Crisis Due to Advancement in Technology, Further Evidence Supporting the Idea No Real Estate Bubble Existed Preceding Crisis Presented by Eddison Walters Risk Expectation Theory of the Global Financial Crisis of 2007 and 2008: The Case for Eddison Walters Modern Economic Analysis Theory

Walters¹

2020

IBR

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The researcher called for economic research to consider the potential effect of advancement in technology on analysis of economic data in Eddison Walters Modern Economic Analysis Theory in the future represented a paradigm shift in economic analysis that will significantly reduce the potential for error due to data distortion in the future. The foundation of the world's economy is based on the sharing of information, yet very little attention has been given to the effect of technology advancement in the analysis of data. The researcher of the current study highlighted the critical nature of sharing information to the development of the world’s economy in the past, as well as the critical nature of sharing information to the world’s economy today. Advancement in technology has drastically improved the sharing of information and has led to the globalized economy. The lack of evidence supporting the widely accepted theory of the Global Financial Crisis of 2007 and 2008 prompted the investigation by the current researcher aimed at gaining insight into economic factors that were responsible for conditions contributing to the Global Financial Crisis of 2007 and 2008. Walters (2018) presented evidence suggesting no financial bubble existed before the Global Financial Crisis of 2007 and 2008. The study resulted in the development of “Eddison Walters Risk Expectation Theory of The Global Financial Crisis of 2007 and 2008”. The theory presented an alternative explanation for the financial crisis. The researcher called for additional investigation to gain insight into the nature of the cause of the Global Financial Crisis of 2007 and 2008. Further investigation in Walters (2019) provided evidence supporting the idea, technological advancement led to the rapid growth in home prices before the Global Financial Crisis of 2007 and 2008. The result from the analysis of data in Walters (2019) revealed the following, 0.989 Adjusted R-square, 194.041 Mean Dependent Variable, 5.908 Square Error of Regression, and 488.726 Sum-of-Square Residual, from nonlinear regression analysis. The dependent variable in the study was, “home purchase price” and the independent variable was, “advancement in technology”. The current study continued the investigation into factors that were described in the literature which set the conditions leading to the Global Financial Crisis of 2007 and 2008. Gaining insight into the effect of technological advancement on the significant increase in consumer debt prior to the Global Financial Crisis will significantly contribute to the understanding of the economic environment before the Global Financial Crisis of 2007 and 2008. Insight into the effect of advancement in technology on the increase in consumer lending prior to the Global Financial Crisis of 2007 and 2008, will significantly contribute to the understanding of the Global Financial Crisis of 2007 and 2008.

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“…Kahai et al name these two aspects of centralization/decentralization the "decision aspect" and the "location aspect". 67 In the particular context of IT project portfolio management governance, the main focus lies on the assignment of decision-making rights and responsibilities concerning the available resources (like funds and IT project staff). Therefore, when the terms centralization and decentralization are employed in this dissertation they usually relate to the decision aspect.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

IT governance – Structures, processes, and relationships in IT decision-making

Frey

2014

Governance Arrangements for IT Project Portfolio Management

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Business processes in contemporary companies often heavily rely on the supporting information systems. Moreover, today, many innovations are to a considerable extent based on new IT capabilities. In order to warrant the continuous support of existing information systems as well as the development of new IT-based solutions, organizational units are required that provide the corresponding skills and resources. In the following, the term information systems function (shortly IS function) will be employed in order to refer to the entity of these organizational units within a firm. 27 The dispersion of IT competencies throughout the organization and the structuring of the IS function have been widely discussed in the information management literature. However, due to the rapid development of information technology, the role and structuring of IS functions has been subject to constant changes over the past decades.In this chapter, major developments concerning the structuring and organization of the IS function will be discussed and the existing body of IT governance research will be presented in brief. As IT project portfolio management is embedded into a wider organizational context, it is vital to consider IT governance from a broad perspective when investigating organizational requirements for IT project portfolio management.Section 2.1 contains a brief discussion of historical developments in corporate IS functions. Following, in section 2.2, the key terms centralization and decentralization are introduced in the context of the organizational integration of the IS function. The common perception that different fields of activities of the IS function require different decision-making arrangements has led to the notion of the term IT governance. The corresponding transition in literature towards contemporary IT governance conceptions is described in section 2.3. Findings from the IT governance literature are discussed in section 2.4. Finally, in section 2.5, the requirement for alignment between the IS function and different business units is discussed in order to provide the theoretical foundation for a later discussion of coordination mechanisms in the context of IT project portfolio management. Historical developments in corporate IS functionsStudies on the structuring and the organizational integration of the IS function have a long history in information systems research. Historically, the role and the internal organization of 27 This is in accordance with the predominant use of the term in the relevant literature.

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Off-Shoring And Outsourcing

Cited by 11 publications

References 8 publications

A framework for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions through carbon pricing for offshore outsourcing

A framework for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions through carbon pricing for offshore outsourcing

IT governance – Structures, processes, and relationships in IT decision-making

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