Off-grid systems for rural electrification in developing countries: Definitions, classification and a comprehensive literature review

Mandelli, Stefano; Barbieri, Jacopo; Mereu, Riccardo; Colombo, Emanuela

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2015.12.338

Cited by 315 publications

(191 citation statements)

References 349 publications

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“…The PV or solar cell operation is similar to the operation of PN junction diode, which converts light energy into electricity through the photovoltaic effect [24]. The PV module is grouped based on the series and parallel connection of multiple PV cell [24,25].…”

Section: System Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Energy Management Strategy for Rural Communities’ DC Micro Grid Power System Structure with Maximum Penetration of Renewable Energy Sources

et al. 2018

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Abstract:The AC and DC power system structures need to be modernized to meet consumer demands. DC microgrids are suitably admired due to their high efficiency, consistency, reliability, and load sharing performance, when interconnected to DC renewable and storage sources. The main control objective for any DC microgrid is providing proper load-power balancing based on the Distributed Generator (DG) sources. Due to the intermittent nature of renewable energy sources, batteries play an important role in load-power balancing in a DC microgrid. The existing energy management strategy may be able to meet the load demand. However, that technique is not suitable forrural communities' power system structure. This research offers an energy management strategy (EMS) for a DC microgrid to supply power to rural communities with solar, wind, fuel cell, and batteries as input sources. The proposed EMS performs the load-power balancing between each source (renewable and storage) in a DC microgrid for dynamic load variation. Here, the EMS handles two battery sources (one is used to deliver power to the priority load, and the other is utilized in the common DC bus) to meet the required demand. The proposed EMS is capable of handling load-power balancing using renewable energy sources with less consumption of non-conventional energy sources (such as a diesel generator). The performance of the system is analyzed based on different operating conditions of the input sources. The MATLAB/Simulink simulation model for the proposed DC microgrid with their EMS control system is developed and investigated, and their results are tabulated under different input and load conditions. The proposed EMS is verified through a laboratory real-time DC microgrid experimental setup, and the results are discussed.

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Section: System Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The PV module is grouped based on the series and parallel connection of multiple PV cell [24,25]. The single PV cell is configured into a single diode representation as in Figure 3.…”

Section: System Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Management Strategy for Rural Communities’ DC Micro Grid Power System Structure with Maximum Penetration of Renewable Energy Sources

et al. 2018

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“…The growing consideration towards the target of universal access to energy has emphasized the role of rural electrification, and off-grid small-scale generation represents one of the most appropriate options [5].…”

Section: The Relevance Of Hybrid Systems In Off-grid Electrification mentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Production Analysis and Optimization of Mini-Grid in Remote Areas: The Case Study of Habaswein, Kenya

et al. 2017

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Rural electrification in remote areas of developing countries has several challenges which hinder energy access to the population. For instance, the extension of the national grid to provide electricity in these areas is largely not viable. The Kenyan Government has put a target to achieve universal energy access by the year 2020. To realize this objective, the focus of the program is being shifted to establishing off-grid power stations in rural areas. Among rural areas to be electrified is Habaswein, which is a settlement in Kenya's northeastern region without connection to the national power grid, and where Kenya Power installed a stand-alone hybrid mini-grid. Based on field observations, power generation data analysis, evaluation of the potential energy resources and simulations, this research intends to evaluate the performance of the Habaswein mini-grid and optimize the existing hybrid generation system to enhance its reliability and reduce the operation costs. The result will be a suggestion of how Kenyan rural areas could be sustainably electrified by using renewable energy based off-grid power stations. It will contribute to bridge the current research gap in this area, and it will be a vital tool to researchers, implementers and the policy makers in energy sector.

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“…LiFePO4 typical curves [7] To estimate the batteries' SoC the Coulomb counting technique may be used, which simply indicates the remaining capacity of the battery by using electric current integration according to the coulomb counting equation [21] as follows:…”

Section: Lithium Iron Phosphate Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technical and Economic Assessment of a 450 W Autonomous Photovoltaic System with Lithium Iron Phosphate Battery Storage

Carriço¹,

Fernandes

et al. 2017

J. sustain. dev. energy water environ. syst.

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This paper presents a study about an autonomous photovoltaic system making use of the novel Lithium Iron Phosphate as a battery pack for isolated rural houses. More particularly, this paper examines the behavior and efficiency of a low-cost isolated photovoltaic system for typical rural houses near Luena in Angola. The proposed system (solar panel, batteries, controller, and inverter) has been projected having in mind the required household daily load of 1,300 Wh and available solar irradiance. The initial batteries charging revealed to be essential to not only ensure a long battery life but using a balanced pack it was possible to achieve more stored energy. On-site, the polycrystalline solar panels used showed a daily average efficiency of 10.8%, with the total system having 75% efficiency. This result was adjusted to the average temperature in Angola. This way, it was made an extrapolation to the monthly irradiation values in Angola. The results achieved showed good energy production during almost all year except January and December, which revealed critical production values of 1,356 Wh and 1,311 Wh, respectively. These values are too close to the daily consumed energy and indicate the addition of a 2 nd alternative source of energy (wind generator, diesel generator, etc.) to be explored further. KEYWORDSAngola, Autonomous/Off-grid photovoltaic system, System efficiency, Lithium iron phosphate battery.

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Off-grid systems for rural electrification in developing countries: Definitions, classification and a comprehensive literature review

Cited by 315 publications

References 349 publications

Energy Management Strategy for Rural Communities’ DC Micro Grid Power System Structure with Maximum Penetration of Renewable Energy Sources

Energy Management Strategy for Rural Communities’ DC Micro Grid Power System Structure with Maximum Penetration of Renewable Energy Sources

Energy Production Analysis and Optimization of Mini-Grid in Remote Areas: The Case Study of Habaswein, Kenya

Technical and Economic Assessment of a 450 W Autonomous Photovoltaic System with Lithium Iron Phosphate Battery Storage

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