Off-farm employment and reasons for entering farming as determinants of production enterprise selection in US agriculture

Gillespie, Jeffrey M.; Mishra, Ashok K.

doi:10.1111/j.1467-8489.2011.00542.x

Cited by 27 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(38 reference statements)

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“…The study opted for the two limits multivariate Tobit model in contrast to individual domain Tobit model because it allows for the unobservables that determine women empowerment in one domain have a likelihood of being correlated to those of other domains. Very few studies have used this methodology in agriculture (Gillespie and Mishra, 2011;Ali et al, 2012) and is mostly used in economics in demand estimation (Ma et al, 2006 …”

Section: Modeling the Determinants Of Women Empowerment Domainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards being equal to them: Impact of organic certified production systems on women empowerment in agriculture

Ayuya¹

2018

Afr. J. Agric. Res.

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The objective of the study was to determine the degree of women empowerment in agriculture as well as examine the effect of organic certification and other socio-economic and cultural factors on women empowerment in agriculture in Kenya. This objective was achieved using data from peri-urban vegetable and rural honey producing households. It followed the innovative multidimensional measurement of women empowerment in agriculture, and the univariate and multivariate two limit Tobit models was used to assess the determinants of women empowerment. The two limit Tobit models results affirmed the hypothesis that organic certification opens up knowledge space for women empowerment in agriculture in some domains but had more impact among women in vegetable producing households. However, the variation of the degree of women empowerment in agriculture was also influenced by men, women and household socioeconomic and cultural characteristics. Policies geared towards enhancing women's social capital and ownership of assets will improve the women household bargaining power and subsequently women empowerment in Agriculture.

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Section: Modeling the Determinants Of Women Empowerment Domainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards being equal to them: Impact of organic certified production systems on women empowerment in agriculture

Ayuya¹

2018

Afr. J. Agric. Res.

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“…Livestock farmers, for example, are more likely to invest in buildings and less likely to invest in irrigation than other farmers. Past research has shown that livestock farming may suffer from the impermanence syndrome to a greater degree than other types of farming (Lopez et al, 1988;Lynch and Carpenter, 2003), and also that hobby farmers are attracted to this sector (Boyd, 1998;Gillespie and Mishra, 2011;McBride and Mathews, 2011). Irrigation necessarily implies field or high value crops, as well as an operation large enough to make this kind of investment worthwhile (Skaggs and Samani, 2005).…”

Section: Description Of Regression Analysis and Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are preserved farms actively engaged in agriculture and conservation?

et al. 2015

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Abstract:This study addresses the question of whether farms enrolled in land preservation programs are actively engaged in agricultural or conservation activities. Data are drawn from an original survey administered to preserved farm owners in the states of New Jersey, Maryland, and Delaware in 2011. "Actively engaged" is defined as investment in conservation projects, buildings, equipment, or irrigation since the land was preserved. Affirmative answers to the survey's investment questions range from a low of 19% for irrigation to a high of 69% for equipment. Special attention was paid to differences between lifestyle farmers and small and large commercial farmers, which are classified using the USDA typology developed in 2000. Regression analysis estimates differences in investment behavior across these groups as well as farm tenure categories, controlling for farm size, program/ state location, and demographic variables. Only owners who employ tenants or managers exclusively on their land were found to invest significantly less than the largest professional farmers, and they did so across all four types of investment. This study's findings support preservation goals articulated by legislators and program administrators, because (1) agricultural and land stewardship investments appear to be widespread on preserved farms, partly due to administrators' preference for larger parcels, (2) there is no evidence that "hobby farmers" are disproportionately attracted to farmland preservation programs -in fact the opposite seems to be true -while those that exist in our sample behave similarly to the largest commercial farmers, (3) although tenant farming is associated in the sample with lower rates of investment, it is less common on preserved farms than on all farms in the three study states. The matter of land tenure, highlighted in this as in other studies, has not yet become a primary focus of either farm-behavioral research or state agricultural policy. 2 Es s E k s E t a l .

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“…Gillespie and Mishra (2011) showed that, unlike crop and broiler producers, cattle producers were more likely to answer that they had entered farming to "invest in real estate" or for "outdoor activity" than to "develop a business to generate additional income." While Basarir and Gillespie's (2006) "maintain and conserve land" and Gillespie and Mishra's (2011) "invest in real estate" are not necessarily inconsistent with the goal of maximizing profit, differences in goal structure are evident. These differences in goal structure are likely due to relatively limited economies of size associated with this enterprise.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…As such, cow-calf farms vary widely in economic and financial viability. While studies have examined cow-calf producer technology adoption patterns (Ward et al, 2008;Kim et al, 2008), economic efficiency (Featherstone et al, 1997;Samarajeewa et al, 2012), goal structure (Basarir and Gillespie, 2006;Gillespie and Mishra, 2011), and factors affecting profitability (Miller et al, 2001;Ramsey et al, 2005) mostly via regional analyses, few studies (McBride and Mathews, 2011) have focussed on the drivers of economic and financial viability of US cow-calf production on a national basis. Cow-calf farms have historically realized returns that have often either barely or not covered costs (Basarir and Gillespie, 2006), complicated further by systematic increases and decreases in cattle prices over time as illustrated by the roughly ten-year cattle cycle (Tomek and Robinson, 1981, p. 179).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What is driving economic and financial success of US cow-calf operations?

Nehring

Gillespie

Hallahan

et al. 2014

Agricultural Finance Review

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Purpose -The purpose of this paper is to determine the drivers of economic financial success of US cow-calf operations. Design/methodology/approach -This research uses a system of equations (DuPont analysis) in conjunction with 2008 farm-level data from the US Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Resource Management Survey to evaluate the factors driving cow-calf profitability, namely net profit margins, asset turnover ratio, and asset-to-equity ratio. Findings -The study finds that the main drivers of return on equity are region, number of harvested acres on the farm, diversification of the farm, operator off-farm work, spousal off-farm work, and adoption of technologies. Of these factors, those for which producers can make short-term adjustments include off-farm work decisions and adoption of technologies. Longer-term adjustments can be made for farm diversification. Originality/value -To the authors' knowledge, no existing research has used farm-level data across US production regions to examine the factors affecting returns to equity of US cow-calf operations. These research results may be used to identify strategies producers can use to improve their farm's economic viability, areas where extension services can assist farmers in making better financial decisions and economic factors that are likely to lead to structural changes in the beef industry.

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Off-farm employment and reasons for entering farming as determinants of production enterprise selection in US agriculture

Cited by 27 publications

References 31 publications

Towards being equal to them: Impact of organic certified production systems on women empowerment in agriculture

Towards being equal to them: Impact of organic certified production systems on women empowerment in agriculture

Are preserved farms actively engaged in agriculture and conservation?

What is driving economic and financial success of US cow-calf operations?

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