OFDM with Index Modulation in Orbital Angular Momentum Multiplexed Free Space Optical Links

Amhoud, El Mehdi; Chafii, Marwa; Nimr, Ahmad; Fettweis, Gerhard

doi:10.1109/vtc2021-spring51267.2021.9448928

Cited by 28 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…For channel 1, most power is coupled into mode LP [1] followed by LP [1,2], LP [1,3], and LP [2,3]. For channel 2, most power is coupled into LP [1,2] followed by LP [1,3], LP [1,3], LP [2,3], and LP [1,5]. For channel 3, most power is coupled into the LP [1,3] mode followed by LP [2,3], LP [1,2], and LP [1,3].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Performance of the 4 × 20 Gbit/s-40 GHz OFDM-Based RoFSO Transmission Link Incorporating WDM-MDM of Hermite Gaussian and Laguerre Gaussian Modes

Singh¹,

Singh

Grover³

et al. 2022

Front. Phys.

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A 4 × 20 Gbit/s-40 GHz orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing-based radio-on-free-space optics information link, integrating hybrid wavelength- and mode-division multiplexed transmission techniques, is proposed in this paper. Furthermore, an ameliorated detection scheme deploying a square root module after each photo diode at the receiver terminal is proposed to mitigate the adverse performance effects because of nonlinear photodiode characteristics. The presented results show a successful 80 Gbit/s-160 GHz transmission at 3000 and 2700 m under heavy rainy and foggy weather, respectively. The link demonstrates superior performance in terms of maximum range and transmission rate compared to previous works.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Performance of the 4 × 20 Gbit/s-40 GHz OFDM-Based RoFSO Transmission Link Incorporating WDM-MDM of Hermite Gaussian and Laguerre Gaussian Modes

Singh¹,

Singh

Grover³

et al. 2022

Front. Phys.

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show abstract

“…The choice of the element for coupling the electromagnetic energy of an external source to the antenna is crucial in the achievement of an efficient radiant system. A coupling element in the form of a narrow coupling slot proved to be an efficient solution for the excitation of the proposed device, as discussed in [24,37]. The excitation configuration is obtained placing the segmental dielectric structure on a flat conducting mirror (copper) that includes the coupling slot.…”

Section: Research Objective and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similar resonant type dielectric structures were previously considered in relation with the optical wavelength range. In research works presented by [32][33][34][35], the designs and operational features of the so-called "microgear resonators" were discussed and considered as basic elements of lasers in the optical range [36][37][38][39][40]. In [41], the optimization of the conditions for the excitation of WGMs in such resonators by electromagnetic coupling with a waveguide is proposed.…”

Section: Research Goals and Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Millimeter Wave All-Around Antenna Based on Whispering Gallery Mode Dielectric Resonator for IoT-Based Applications

Kogut

Annino

Bakkali

et al. 2022

Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing

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This work is devoted to the study of the emitting properties of azimuthally inhomogeneous segmental dielectric resonators excited by whispering gallery modes. Due to the diffraction of the azimuthal waves on local nonhomogeneities located equidistantly along the azimuthal coordinate, intense electromagnetic radiation is achieved in the azimuthal sector of the angles 0°-360°. A prototype of an all-around emitting antenna based on basis of a segmental dielectric resonator is proposed, and its characteristics in the far zone are studied. It is shown that such an antenna forms a multilobe radiation pattern (72 lobes) in the circle sector of angles. The antenna gain in the lobes at the resonant frequency reaches 12 dB. Antenna optimization is achieved in the proposed method because of the large gain produced by the antenna. It is also analyzed that these types of radiation patterns observed by antennas are well used for the Internet of Things- (IoT-) based applications.

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“…It can have significant impact in domains of image classification, image processing and image transmission over networks [41,42]. It will also have cyber-security impact in the domains of health care [43], cloud computing [44,45], image transmission using optical fibre [46][47][48] and deep learning [49].…”

Section: Impact Of Cd-ganmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chained Dual-Generative Adversarial Network: A Generalized Defense Against Adversarial Attacks

Singh¹,

Awasthi²,

Garg³

et al. 2023

Computers, Materials &Amp; Continua

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Neural networks play a significant role in the field of image classification. When an input image is modified by adversarial attacks, the changes are imperceptible to the human eye, but it still leads to misclassification of the images. Researchers have demonstrated these attacks to make production self-driving cars misclassify Stop Road signs as 45 Miles Per Hour (MPH) road signs and a turtle being misclassified as AK47. Three primary types of defense approaches exist which can safeguard against such attacks i.e., Gradient Masking, Robust Optimization, and Adversarial Example Detection. Very few approaches use Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) for Defense against Adversarial Attacks. In this paper, we create a new approach to defend against adversarial attacks, dubbed Chained Dual-Generative Adversarial Network (CD-GAN) that tackles the defense against adversarial attacks by minimizing the perturbations of the adversarial image using iterative oversampling and undersampling using GANs. CD-GAN is created using two GANs, i.e., CDGAN's Sub-Resolution GAN and CDGAN's Super-Resolution GAN. The first is CDGAN's Sub-Resolution GAN which takes the original resolution input image and oversamples it to generate a lower resolution neutralized image. The second is CDGAN's Super-Resolution GAN which takes the output of the CDGAN's Sub-Resolution and undersamples, it to generate the higher resolution image which removes any remaining perturbations. Chained Dual GAN is formed by chaining these two GANs together. Both of these GANs are trained independently. CDGAN's Sub-Resolution GAN is trained using higher resolution adversarial images as inputs and lower resolution neutralized images as output image examples. Hence, this GAN downscales the image while removing adversarial attack noise. CDGAN's Super-Resolution GAN is trained using lower resolution adversarial images as inputs and higher resolution neutralized images as output images. Because of this, it acts as an Upscaling GAN while removing the adversarial attak noise. Furthermore, CD-GAN has a modular design such that it can be prefixed to any existing classifier without any retraining or extra effort, and 2542 CMC, 2023, vol.74, no.2 can defend any classifier model against adversarial attack. In this way, it is a Generalized Defense against adversarial attacks, capable of defending any classifier model against any attacks. This enables the user to directly integrate CD-GAN with an existing production deployed classifier smoothly. CD-GAN iteratively removes the adversarial noise using a multi-step approach in a modular approach. It performs comparably to the state of the arts with mean accuracy of 33.67 while using minimal compute resources in training.

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OFDM with Index Modulation in Orbital Angular Momentum Multiplexed Free Space Optical Links

Cited by 28 publications

References 14 publications

Enhanced Performance of the 4 × 20 Gbit/s-40 GHz OFDM-Based RoFSO Transmission Link Incorporating WDM-MDM of Hermite Gaussian and Laguerre Gaussian Modes

Enhanced Performance of the 4 × 20 Gbit/s-40 GHz OFDM-Based RoFSO Transmission Link Incorporating WDM-MDM of Hermite Gaussian and Laguerre Gaussian Modes

Millimeter Wave All-Around Antenna Based on Whispering Gallery Mode Dielectric Resonator for IoT-Based Applications

Chained Dual-Generative Adversarial Network: A Generalized Defense Against Adversarial Attacks

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