OFDM-based audio watermarking for electronic radiotelephone identification

Audio watermarking (AW) technology is considered for stealthy information embedding directly into audio signal. Inherent in analog radiotelephone channel interferences against watermarks are analyzed. Robust encoding/decoding algorithms are presented and appropriate project of AW system named as Automatic Radio Telephone Identification System (ARTIS) is proposed. Experimental results for the practical VHF radio channel are presented. Relating on processing complexity the designed system enables imperceptibly transmit data on a rate up to 260 bit/sec in the standard VHF radio channel. ARTIS provides the full compatibility with the existing radio installation, and doesn't require replacement of standard VHF transceivers and operational procedures. Besides, automatic identification the system may be used in the special applications, for example, under the threat of terrorist attack; generally contributes to navigation safety and information security. http://www.transnav.eu the International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation Volume 7 Number 4

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“…To do this let us multiply scalar wise by 0  u the two parts of relation (10). After evident transformations we get…”

Section: One Channel Encoding Algorithmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Assume signal samples are independent. Correlation time in this case may be accepted to be OFDM approach for AW was proposed in [10] and. The main idea lies in embedding every watermarking bit completely into a certain narrowband component of host signal.…”

Section: Resampling and Desynchronizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stealthy Information Transmission in the Terrestrial GMDSS Radiotelephone Communication

Шишкин

Koshevoy

2013

TransNav

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“…Shishkin [5] presented audio watermarking for Electronic Radiotelephone Identification in OFDM-based. He used Quantization Index Modulation as embedding method in frequency domain, but he didn't describe the imperceptibility and robustness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In [4] Amirtharajan presented the paper describing the multicarrier steganography. He presented the image hiding by Spread Spectrum method combined with the Modulated Multicarrier signal in orthogonal radio frequency, but the robustness and imperceptibility were not explained.Shishkin [5] presented audio watermarking for Electronic Radiotelephone Identification in OFDM-based. He used Quantization Index Modulation as embedding method in frequency domain, but he didn't describe the imperceptibility and robustness.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Modified Multicarrier Modulation Binary Data Embedding in Audio File

Budiman¹,

Suksmono²,

Danudirdjo³

et al. 2016

ijeei

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Information hiding of data in an audio file is an important thing that the media can be recognized by its ownership. The hidden information would be the important information which describes the copyright of the audio file. In this research, the binary data is inserted or hidden into the audio file by multicarrier modulation technique data hiding. The encoded binary data is modulated by multicarrier frequencies before embedding into the host audio. Data hiding capacity with this technique can achieve up to 40 bits per second in file mode with good audio imperceptibility. It also achieves perfect robustness for type of attack noise addition, linear speed change, multi band equalization, and echo addition. And this technique is still acceptable for type of attack, such as resampling attack, MP3 compression attack and filtering attack for cut off frequency more than 10 kHz regarding to the BER less than 10%. IntroductionMulticarrier modulation is a technique to modulate a baseband signal into several subcarrier at different frequencies in the same time. Prasad [1] said that OFDM basic principle is to split datastream into lower datastream transmitting simultaneously over several subcarriers. This principle is also called multicarrier modulation. The research about multicarrier modulation technique has been previously published on many papers and books. Nicola Marchetti [2] said that OFDM promises high data rate capability and uses available spectrum efficiently, which is a main reason OFDM was accepted by present telecommunication generation system. Data hiding by the OFDM method was already presented by Somnath [3]. His research is about hiding the grayscale image in OFDM signal where the image is read pixel by pixel and then converted the binary data into a complex number format and inserted the number via Quantized Index Modulation. In [4] Amirtharajan presented the paper describing the multicarrier steganography. He presented the image hiding by Spread Spectrum method combined with the Modulated Multicarrier signal in orthogonal radio frequency, but the robustness and imperceptibility were not explained.Shishkin [5] presented audio watermarking for Electronic Radiotelephone Identification in OFDM-based. He used Quantization Index Modulation as embedding method in frequency domain, but he didn't describe the imperceptibility and robustness. Garcia-Hernandez [6] proposed a high payload data-hiding scheme for audio signals in OFDM-based. The method which he used was to change the phase component of audio signal via a reduced-arc of M-order Phase Shift Keying (MPSK). It was modulated on selected frequency of the audio signals, however he only described the imperceptibility and capacity. The robustness was not described clearly.In this paper, we propose audio watermarking by multicarrier modulation method which the subcarrier signal are not orthogonal. This multicarrier watermarking is a watermarking process in which the hidden data is modulated by multicarrier by many frequencies from 0 to 22 kHz. The process of wat...

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“…Furthermore, the inaudibility constraint and the robustness of the system against MPEG compression are not included. Another OFDM-based audio watermarking system dedicated to electronic radiotelephone identification was proposed in Shishkin (2010). This system presents an approach different from the proposed one.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Robust audio watermarking based on multi-carrier modulation

Adib

2016

IJCVR

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The great challenge, in blind audio watermarking, is to recover the transparent embedded information with minimum errors even in presence of disturbances. Some signal disturbances like MPEG compression and filtering can be modelled as fading-like distortions. Besides the inaudibility constraint, the problem will be viewed as the conception of a particular communication system, where our purpose is to reduce host interference noise (HIN) and inter-symbol interference (ISI) on one hand and to deal with fading perturbations on the other hand. In this paper, we propose adapting multi-carrier (MC) modulation, widely used in wireless communications, to the watermarking context. Our main motivation is to exploit advantages of MC modulations in order to outperform spread spectrum (SS) audio watermarking schemes. The new MC-watermarking system allows us to improve detection reliability and to increase robustness of the embedded watermark. Moreover, the inaudibility constraint will be ensured by adapting the MC signal parameters to the masking characteristics of the human auditory system (HAS).

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OFDM-based audio watermarking for electronic radiotelephone identification

Cited by 5 publications

References 3 publications

Stealthy Information Transmission in the Terrestrial GMDSS Radiotelephone Communication

Stealthy Information Transmission in the Terrestrial GMDSS Radiotelephone Communication

A Modified Multicarrier Modulation Binary Data Embedding in Audio File

Robust audio watermarking based on multi-carrier modulation

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