Oestrogen receptors mediate oestrogen‐induced increases in post‐exercise rat skeletal muscle satellite cells

Enns, Deborah L.; Iqbal, Sobia; Tiidus, Peter M.

doi:10.1111/j.1748-1716.2008.01861.x

Cited by 89 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Post-exercise suppression of calpain (a non-lysosomal protease) activation and betaglucuronidase (a lysosomal protease) activation and the consequent potential diminishing of further secondary muscle damage has been repeatedly demonstrated in ovariectomized female animals with estrogen replacement relative to non-estrogen replaced controls [32,34,35]. In addition to protection of muscle membranes, estrogen may also act to stabilize post-exercise muscle calcium homeostasis via its ability to increase nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity and thereby enhance nitric oxide (NO) synthesis and signalling within muscle [36].…”

Section: Positive Effects Of Estrogen On Skeletal Muscle; Mechanisms mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Muscle satellite cells are largely responsible for muscle repair, growth and hypertrophy and their involvement in estrogen stimulated growth of cattle has been demonstrated [40]. It has also been demonstrated that estrogen will increase activation and proliferation of skeletal muscle satellite cells following exercise in ovariectomized female rats beyond that seen by exercise alone [34,35]. Estrogen signalling of muscle satellite cell activation and proliferation is mediated via estrogen receptor-alpha located on skeletal muscle which may in turn activate a number of possible signalling pathways including IGF-1 signalling, NO signalling or activation of the phosphor-inositide-3 kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) pathway which then act to positively influence muscle satellite cells [35][36][37][38][39][40][41].…”

Section: Positive Effects Of Estrogen On Skeletal Muscle; Mechanisms mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Benefits of Estrogen Replacement for Skeletal Muscle Mass and Function in Post-Menopausal Females: Evidence from Human and Animal Studies

Tiidus

2011

EAJM

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Age related loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength accelerates with the onset of menopause in women. Recent evidence from human and animal studies provides compelling evidence for the role of estrogen based hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in maintaining and enhancing muscle mass and strength and protecting against muscle damage. The physiological mechanisms by which estrogen can positively influence skeletal muscle mass and strength and protect against post-damage inflammation and disruption are also beginning to emerge. These less well known benefits of estrogen for skeletal muscle coupled with other benefits of estrogen to bone and metabolic health in older females provide further incentives for HRT use to enhance overall health in post-menopausal women. New research also attests to the safety of shorter term HRT in younger postmenopausal females. Overall the benefits of HRT to muscle health and function could assist in offsetting age related loss of muscle mass and function and delay age related morbidity and their use for overall health benefits in aging females should continue to be evaluated.Key Words: Aging, Estrogen, Health, Muscle functionmuscle repair, Women ÖzetKadınlarda yaşa bağlı iskelet kas kütlesi ve güç kaybı menopoz baş-langıcı ile hızlanır. İnsan ve hayvan çalışmalarından elde edilen yeni veriler kas kütlesi ve gücünün korunması ve kas hasarına karşı korumada östrojen hormon replasman tedavisinin (HRT) rolüyle ilgili ikna edici kanıtlar sunmaktadır. Östrojenin iskelet kas kütlesi ve gü-cünü olumlu yönde etkilemesinin fizyolojik mekanizmaları ve hasar sonrası inflamasyon ve bozulmaya karşı korunması da ilgi çekmeye başlamıştır. Östrojenin bu daha az bilinen yararları, yaşlı kadınlardaki kemik ve metabolik sağlık üzerine olan diğer yararları ile birleştiğin-de, HRT'nin menapoz sonrası kadınlarda genel olarak sağlığı yüksel-tici olarak kullanılması için daha fazla teşvik sağlar. Yeni araştırmalar genç post-menopozal kadınlarda daha kısa süreli HRT güvenliğini kanıtlamaktadır. Genel kas sağlığı ve işlevine HRT'nin yararları, yaşa bağlı kas kitlesi ve fonksiyon kaybının ortadankaldırılmasında ve yaşa bağlı morbiditenin geciktirilmesini dengelemede yardımcı olabilir ve yaşlanan kadınlarda genel sağlık yararları için HRT kullanımı değerlendirilmeye devam edilmelidir.

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Section: Positive Effects Of Estrogen On Skeletal Muscle; Mechanisms mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Positive Effects Of Estrogen On Skeletal Muscle; Mechanisms mentioning

confidence: 99%

Benefits of Estrogen Replacement for Skeletal Muscle Mass and Function in Post-Menopausal Females: Evidence from Human and Animal Studies

Tiidus

2011

EAJM

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“…The downhill running protocol employed in this study has been shown to induce structural protein damage (17), oxidative damage as indicated by protein carbonyl formation in soleus muscle (51), disruption of the membrane systems involved in excitation-contraction coupling (39), neutrophil and macrophage infiltration (5,45), and muscle satellite cell proliferation (6). Comparisons between fiber types within the same muscle indicate that type II fibers sustain greater eccentric damage than type I fibers (40).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If this is true, then estrogen should be able to protect against exercise-induced damage more in type I fibers than type II fibers. It is unknown if the ability of estrogen to prevent exercise-induced muscle damage is fiber-type specific; however, estrogen does attenuate postexercise leukocyte infiltration into predominantly red (soleus) and white (white vastus) muscle to the same degree (5,9). Finally, given the differences in body weight between the treatment groups, we cannot rule out the possibility that the physiological strain imposed by exercise was lower in E animals compared with both S and P animals, possibly resulting in lower core and muscle temperatures and/or metabolic stresses, which could explain the attenuated exercise-induced HSP70 response in E.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of ovarian sex hormones and downhill running on fiber-type-specific HSP70 expression in rat soleus

Bombardier¹,

Vigna²,

Iqbal³

et al. 2009

Journal of Applied Physiology

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Bombardier E, Vigna C, Iqbal S, Tiidus PM, Tupling AR. Effects of ovarian sex hormones and downhill running on fiber-type-specific HSP70 expression in rat soleus. J Appl Physiol 106: 2009 -2015, 2009. First published April 9, 2009 doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.91573.2008This study examined the influence of the ovarian sex hormones, estrogen and progesterone, on the fiber-type-specific response of the inducible 70-kDa heat shock protein (HSP70) to damaging exercise in rat soleus. Ovariectomized female rats were divided into three treatment groups (n ϭ 16 per group): sham (S), progesterone (P; 25 mg pellet), and estrogen (E; 0.25 mg pellet). Each treatment group was divided into control and exercised groups. After 8 days of sham or hormone treatment, animals ran downhill intermittently for 90 min (17 m/min, Ϫ13.5°grade) on a treadmill, and soleus muscles were removed 24 h postexercise. HSP70 expression was assessed in whole muscle homogenates by Western blotting and in individual muscle fiber types by immunohistochemical analysis of serial cross sections of soleus samples. Comparisons between control groups showed that HSP70 expression in soleus was increased (P Ͻ 0.05) in E compared with both S and P. No difference (P Ͼ 0.05) was observed between S and P. Following downhill running, HSP70 content in soleus was increased (P Ͻ 0.05) compared with control in S and P, but not (P Ͼ 0.05) in E. As a result, soleus HSP70 content following downhill running was not different (P Ͼ 0.05) between any of the treatment groups. Under all conditions, HSP70 content was higher in type I vs. type II fibers, and the effects of both estrogen and exercise on HSP70 expression in soleus were also more pronounced in type I vs. type II fibers. These results demonstrate that 1) estrogen regulates HSP70 expression in skeletal muscle, increasing basal HSP70 expression and preventing further increases in HSP70 in response to exercise; 2) progesterone is not involved in the regulation of HSP70 expression in skeletal muscle; and 3) the effects of estrogen and exercise on HSP70 expression in skeletal muscle are fiber type specific. estrogen; progesterone; muscle fiber type HEAT SHOCK PROTEINS (HSP) are families of highly conserved stress proteins found in almost all cells, which have been shown to be induced by a variety of environmental and intracellular stresses (18). The inducible 70-kDa HSP (HSP70) may be the most highly induced protein of the cellular stress response and is rapidly upregulated under conditions of oxidative stress (48). It is well established that HSP70 content in skeletal muscle increases in response to both nondamaging and damaging exercise and can protect against contraction-induced muscle damage (for review, see Refs. 10,19). However, the HSP70 response to exercise in both skeletal (31, 33) and cardiac muscle (32) is sex specific, with males demonstrating a more robust response than females. Collectively, these studies and others have shown that the sex-specific HSP70 response to exercise is mediated by the ovarian sex hormo...

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“…Manipulation of the female sex hormone 17␤-estradiol (E2) indicates that it is involved and may be responsible for these differences. Following exercise, adult females and animals supplemented with E2 show attenuated damage to muscle membranes (3-5, 63-64), structural proteins (39), and lower inflammatory cell counts in blood and muscle (24,(61)(62)73). Not only does E2 provide a level of cellular protection, it also enhances the potential for growth and recovery by affecting satellite cell activation and proliferation (24 -25, 71).…”

Section: Macneilmentioning

confidence: 99%

17β-estradiol attenuates exercise-induced neutrophil infiltration in men

MacNeil¹,

Baker

Stevic

et al. 2011

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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MacNeilLG, Baker SK, Stevic I, Tarnopolsky MA. 17␤-estradiol attenuates exercise-induced neutrophil infiltration in men. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 300: R1443-R1451, 2011. First published March 2, 2011; doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00689.2009 attenuates exercise-induced muscle damage and inflammation in some models. Eighteen men completed 150 eccentric contractions after random assignment to placebo (Control group) or E2 supplementation (Experimental group). Muscle biopsies and blood samples were collected at baseline, following 8-day supplementation and 3 h and 48 h after exercise. Blood samples were analyzed for sex hormone concentration, creatine kinase (CK) activity and total antioxidant capacity. The mRNA content of genes involved in lipid and cholesterol homeostasis [forkhead box O1 (FOXO1), caveolin 1, and sterol regulatory element binding protein-2 (SREBP2)] and antioxidant defense (SOD1 and -2) were measured by RT-PCR. Immunohistochemistry was used to quantify muscle neutrophil (myeloperoxidase) and macrophage (CD68) content. Serum E2 concentration increased 2.5-fold with supplementation (P Ͻ 0.001), attenuating neutrophil infiltration at 3 h (P Ͻ 0.05) and 48 h (P Ͻ 0.001), and the induction of SOD1 at 48 h (P ϭ 0.02). Macrophage density at 48 h (P Ͻ 0.05) and SOD2 mRNA at 3 h (P ϭ 0.01) increased but were not affected by E2. Serum CK activity was higher at 48 h for both groups (P Ͻ 0.05). FOXO1, caveolin 1 and SREBP2 expression were 2.8-fold (P Ͻ 0.05), 1.4-fold (P Ͻ 0.05), and 1.5-fold (P Ͻ 0.001) and higher at 3 h after exercise with no effect of E2. This suggests that E2 attenuates neutrophil infiltration; however, the mechanism does not appear to be lesser oxidative stress or membrane damage and may indicate lesser neutrophil/endothelial interaction. mRNA expression; sex differences; leukocytes; oxidative stress SKELETAL MUSCLE IS A HETEROGENEOUS and adaptable tissue, able to function across a spectrum of physiological and metabolic conditions and remodel in response to changing demands. When subjected to unaccustomed exercise, particularly contractions that forcibly lengthen muscle (also known as eccentric contractions), myofibers are stressed beyond their functional capacity and damage may occur (16,51). This damage can be measured in 48 h following exercise as structural disturbances at cellular and subcellular levels (19, 52), muscle protein appearance in blood (46, 52), tissue inflammatory cell infiltration (31, 52), and increased soreness and impaired muscle function (17, 21). Many genes involved in postexercise membrane homeostasis, stress management, and growth are also affected, changing the myofiber transcriptome (46, 53). Because of the substantial effect on muscle tissue, eccentric contractions are commonly used for exercise-induced muscle damage and/or inflammation research.Most animal studies report differences in measures of exercise-induced muscle damage, inflammation, and repair between males and females (3, 39, 61). Manipulation of the female sex hormone 17␤-estradiol (E2) ind...

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Oestrogen receptors mediate oestrogen‐induced increases in post‐exercise rat skeletal muscle satellite cells

Abstract: Oestrogen may augment increases in muscle satellite cells following exercise through OR-mediated mechanisms; furthermore, the attenuation of post-exercise muscle damage and leucocyte infiltration by oestrogen appears to be a non-OR-mediated process.

Cited by 89 publications

References 55 publications

Benefits of Estrogen Replacement for Skeletal Muscle Mass and Function in Post-Menopausal Females: Evidence from Human and Animal Studies

Benefits of Estrogen Replacement for Skeletal Muscle Mass and Function in Post-Menopausal Females: Evidence from Human and Animal Studies

Effects of ovarian sex hormones and downhill running on fiber-type-specific HSP70 expression in rat soleus

17β-estradiol attenuates exercise-induced neutrophil infiltration in men

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