Oesophageal cancer incidence in the United States by race, sex, and histologic type, 1977–2005

Abstract

BACKGROUND: In the United States, the rates and temporal trends of oesophageal cancer overall and for the two predominant histologic types -adenocarcinoma (ADC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) -differ between Blacks and Whites, but little is known with regard to the patterns among Asians/Pacific Islanders or Hispanics. METHODS: Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results programme data, we analysed oesophageal cancer incidence patterns by race, sex, and histologic type for the period 1977 -2005. RESULTS: Total oesophageal cancer incidence has been increasing among Whites only; the rates among all other race groups have declined. Moreover, rates among White men surpassed those among Blacks in 2004. Oesophageal SCC rates have been decreasing among virtually all racial/ethnic groups; rates among Hispanic and Asian/Pacific Islander men have been intermediate to those of Blacks and Whites, with rates among women being lower than those among Blacks or Whites. The ADC rates among Hispanic men may be rising, akin to the historical trends among Whites and Blacks. The sex ratios for these cancers also varied markedly. CONCLUSIONS: These observations may provide clues for aetiological research.

Diet-related inflammation and oesophageal cancer by histological type: a nationwide case–control study in Sweden

“…All p values for linear trend were Table 3 Odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % CIs for oesophageal cancer in relation to the dietary inflammation index (DII) 1 Odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated based on unconditional logistic regression 2 Adjusted for age, sex, energy, education, tobacco smoking, alcohol intake, and physical activity 3 Adjusted for age, sex, energy, education, tobacco smoking, alcohol intake, physical activity, reflux, and Helicobacter pylori infection 4 Two-sided p values for trend were calculated using the Wald statistics, using the DII score as a continuous variable Table 4 Odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % CIs for squamous cell and adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus and gastroesophageal junction in relation to the DII, stratified by BMI subgroups 1 Odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using logistic regression (Table 3). In the subanalysis stratified by BMI, a persistently increased risk was observed for oesophageal adenocarcinomas in normal and lean body weight individuals (BMI < 25 kg/m 2 ), but not for gastroadenocarcinomas of the oesophageal junction (Table 4).…”

“…The incidence of adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus or gastroesophageal junction has risen at an alarming rate in Western populations over the past four decades, while rates of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma, which were much higher relative to adenocarcinomas decades ago, have remained steady for many decades [1,2]. Oesophageal adenocarcinoma arises from glandular cells of the lower third of the oesophagus, while squamous cell carcinoma of the oesophagus originates from the epithelial cells.…”

Overview of esophageal cancer

“…During this period, there was an 8-10% annual increase in incidence of EAC, though it has recently declined (9). This significant increase in the incidence of EAC in the Western world and some developing countries coincides with an increase in the prevalence of gastro-esophageal reflux and obesity, known risk factors for EAC (10).…”

Epidemiological features of esophageal cancer. Squamous cell carcinoma versus adenocarcinoma

“…Esophageal cancer is more frequent in older male individuals 5,6 , generally being associated with ethylism and tabagism 7 , intake of hot drinks and foods 8 , vitamin deficiencies 7 , ingestion of caustic substances 9 , Barrett Esophagus (BE) 10 , megaesophagus 11 and human papiloma virus infection 12 .…”