Odour Pollution Measurement from Refuse Derive Fuel Operations Using Odour Concentration Meter (OCM) XP-329

Abstract

There has been a dearth on studies of odour pollution in Malaysia due constraints such as lack of measurement equipments, guidelines and legal act for such operational endeavour. Despite the media publication on odour pollution, actions and enforcement were ineffective due to limitations in regulations and operationals standards.In particular, scientific studies on odour concentrations and intensity were difficult to be implemented due to lack of equipments for measuring the phenomenon.Comparatively, researchers in Japan, European Union, Australia and New Zealand have paid serious attention on odour pollutions 1 . Their studies not only conducted to measure the odour concentrations, intensity, components, impact on health and people well-being but also involved in

Microbial Risks Caused by Livestock Excrement: Current Research Status and Prospects

“…Livestock excrement is a major source of environmental pollution and poses significant risks to the environment and public health. As the livestock industries have been increasing rapidly [1], unsurprisingly, the amount of livestock excrement has been increasing accordingly. Reports showed that the annual production of livestock excrement in Finland, the EU-27, China, the UK, Indonesia, the USA, and Iran reached 1.60 × 10 10 (wet weight, in 2011) [2], 1.50 × 10 9 tons (dry weight, in 2014) [3], 6.90 × 10 6 tons (dry weight, in 2015) [4], 8.34 × 10 10 tons (dry weight, in 2016) [5], 7.00 × 10 10 tons (dry weight, in 2016) [6], 3.50 × 10 10 tons (dry weight, in 2016) [2], and 2.00 × 10 9 tons (dry weight, in 2017) [7], respectively.…”