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The human olfactory system remains one of the most challenging biological systems to replicate. Humans use it without thinking, where it can equally offer protection from harm and bring enjoyment in equal measure. It is the system's ability to detect and analyze complex odors, without the need for specialized infra-structure, that is the envy of many scientists. The field of artificial olfaction has recruited and stimulated interdisciplinary research and commercial development for several applications that include malodor measurement, medical diagnostics, food and beverage quality, environment and security. Over the last century, innovative engineers and scientists have been focused on solving a range of problems associated with measurement and control of odor. The IEEE Sensors Journal has published Special Issues on olfaction in 2002 and 2012. Here we continue that coverage. In this article, we summarize early work in the 20 th Century that served as the foundation upon which we have been building our odormonitoring instrumental and measurement systems. We then examine the current state of the art that has been achieved over the last two decades as we have transitioned into the 21 st Century. Much has been accomplished, but great progress is needed in sensor technology, system design, product manufacture and performance standards. In the final section, we predict levels of performance and ubiquitous applications that will be realized during in the mid to late 21 st Century.
The human olfactory system remains one of the most challenging biological systems to replicate. Humans use it without thinking, where it can equally offer protection from harm and bring enjoyment in equal measure. It is the system's ability to detect and analyze complex odors, without the need for specialized infra-structure, that is the envy of many scientists. The field of artificial olfaction has recruited and stimulated interdisciplinary research and commercial development for several applications that include malodor measurement, medical diagnostics, food and beverage quality, environment and security. Over the last century, innovative engineers and scientists have been focused on solving a range of problems associated with measurement and control of odor. The IEEE Sensors Journal has published Special Issues on olfaction in 2002 and 2012. Here we continue that coverage. In this article, we summarize early work in the 20 th Century that served as the foundation upon which we have been building our odormonitoring instrumental and measurement systems. We then examine the current state of the art that has been achieved over the last two decades as we have transitioned into the 21 st Century. Much has been accomplished, but great progress is needed in sensor technology, system design, product manufacture and performance standards. In the final section, we predict levels of performance and ubiquitous applications that will be realized during in the mid to late 21 st Century.
Number 6Air Pollution* Entgineering Section SINCE the field that might be considered by this committee is large, it was believed advisable to restrict the scope of this year's report to one phase of the air pollution problem; namely, atmospheric pollution. The report does not include air pollution in enclosed spaces except as they may affect the outside atmosphere. It also seemed advisable in this initial report to limit its scope to certain available information on the source, character, and effect of atmospheric pollution and to some information on the methods of cotitrol.Broadly speaking, atmospheric pollutants include smoke, dust, gases, vapors, fumes, and mists that may be present in the air and that create a nuisance, adversely affect animal or plant life, or cause property loss or damage.Smoke and dust are no doubt the most widely recognized atmospheric contaminants. Investigation of atmospheric pollution in many cities, including the fourteen large cities in the United States surveyed 1 by the U. S. Public Health Service (1931)(1932)(1933), have recorded the conditions that exist in some urban communities in the United *Report of the Committee COMMITTEE ON AIR POLLUTION Organized 1946.
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