Odor Threshold Determination of 53 Odorant Chemicals

Leonardos, G.; Kendall, David A.; Barnard, Nancy

doi:10.5956/jriet.3.579

Cited by 33 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Death may occur within minutes of an acute exposure and is usually due to respiratory failure (Deichmann and Keplinger, 1981;Sollmann, 1957). With respect to odor threshold, Leonardos et al (1969) reported an average value for 100% recognition at 0.047 ppm, which agrees well with the upper limit of the range reported by Mukhitov (1964). However, in some sensitive individuals, odor recognition has been reported as low as 0.006 ppm (Mukhitov, 1964;Makhinya, 1972).…”

Section: Health Effectssupporting

confidence: 89%

Summary Review of the Health Effects Associated With Phenol

1987

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Phenol, a monohydroxy derivative of benzene, occurs naturally in animal waste and by decomposition of organic wastes. It is also produced by man, originally by fractional distillation of coal tar, but more recently by cumene hydroperoxidation and toluene oxidation. As a result of large production volume and natural sources, occupational and environmental exposure to phenol is likely. Phenol poisoning can occur by skin absorption, vapor inhalation, or ingestion, and, regardless of route of exposure, can result in detrimental health effects. Acute toxicity has been observed in man and experimental animals, resulting in muscle weakness, convulsions, and coma. In addition, studies have shown that although teratogenic effects have not been associated with exposure to phenol by either inhalation or oral route, high doses of phenol are fetotoxic. This paper addresses these studies and others in an attempt to determine if human health is at risk to those levels of phenol present in the environment and workplace. However, because data are limited, further research is necessary to analyze the mutagenic and carcinogenic potential of this chemical.

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Section: Health Effectssupporting

confidence: 89%

Summary Review of the Health Effects Associated With Phenol

1987

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“…The odor recognition threshold data determined using this technique were consistent with data determined using the A. D. Little total exposure technique. 2 In most cases the odor testing for a compound was completed in 20 minutes. The short time requirement makes the odor fountain method attractive with respect to manpower requirements and costs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sulfurbearing compounds such as mercaptans and hydrogen sulfide, which are not included in these results, also have high odor index values. For example, the odor index for ethyl mercaptan is 571,-000,000 (using A. D. Little's threshold data 2 ). The reproducibility of our odor threshold data was determined by repeating the odor tests for four compounds.…”

Section: Odor Recognition Threshold (100%)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the Odor Properties of 101 Petrochemicals Using Sensory Methods

Hellman¹,

Small²

1974

Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association

109

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“…The value of p was set to 0.4 using observations about the percentage of people being able to identify the existence of hydrogen sulphide over a range of concentrations (Amoore 1985). The threshold concentration is the concentration at which 50% of people exposed to hydrogen sulphide can detect its presence and was set to 4.7 ppb (Leonards et al 1969;Nagata 1990). Figure 4 presents the sigmoid curve that correlates the probability of detection of hydrogen sulphide and its concentration.…”

Section: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dispersion of Odorous Gaseous Compounds Emitted from Wastewater Treatment Plants

Latos

Karageorgos

Kalogerakis

et al. 2010

Water Air Soil Pollut

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Municipal wastewater treatment plants (WTP) emit odorous compounds that produce nuisance to the workers and nearby residents. Several chemical compounds contribute to odour problems, among them, sulphurous organic compounds, hydrogen sulphide, phenols and indoles, ammonia, volatile amines and volatile fatty acids. In the current study, hydrogen sulphide (H 2 S) concentrations were measured during the summer period of 2007 by a portable handheld device at the WTP of Chania City (Greece). Measurements were taken in several places within the facility. The highest hydrogen sulphide levels were measured close to the primary sedimentation tanks and the tanks where the recycled activated sludge is mixed, the sludge from the primary sedimentation tanks reaching 30 ppm. In conjunction with the measurements, the Gaussian dispersion model AERMOD code was modified in order to estimate the maximum odour concentration for very short time steps using peak-tomean ratios. The probability of detection of H 2 S exceeds 50% at 400 m distance from the main emission sources (time interval of 5 s) with a relative high degree of annoyance (3.2 AU) under typical summer period conditions. Furthermore, relations between odour annoyance and odour exposure concentrations have been embedded in the model, in order to express the odour impacts in terms of probability of detection and degree of annoyance of the population near the WTP of Chania.

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Odor Threshold Determination of 53 Odorant Chemicals

Cited by 33 publications

References 2 publications

Summary Review of the Health Effects Associated With Phenol

Summary Review of the Health Effects Associated With Phenol

Characterization of the Odor Properties of 101 Petrochemicals Using Sensory Methods

Dispersion of Odorous Gaseous Compounds Emitted from Wastewater Treatment Plants

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