Odor processing in the cockroach antennal lobe—the network components

Fusca, Debora; Kloppenburg, Peter

doi:10.1007/s00441-020-03387-3

Cited by 19 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…An important step in meeting this challenge is to determine the molecular and functional-pharmacological properties of octopamine receptor subtypes. Here we describe the functional characterization of PaOctβ2R, the second octopamine receptor subtype of the cockroach, P. americana, an established model insect in neurobiological, physiological, and toxicological studies (for reviews, see: [10,[44][45][46]). The primary structure of PaOctβ2R phylogenetically clusters with protostomian β-adrenergic-like octopamine receptors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PaOctβ2R: Identification and Functional Characterization of an Octopamine Receptor Activating Adenylyl Cyclase Activity in the American Cockroach Periplaneta americana

Blenau

Bremer

Schwietz

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Biogenic amines constitute an important group of neuroactive substances that control and modulate various neural circuits. These small organic compounds engage members of the guanine nucleotide-binding protein coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily to evoke specific cellular responses. In addition to dopamine- and 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptors, arthropods express receptors that are activated exclusively by tyramine and octopamine. These phenolamines functionally substitute the noradrenergic system of vertebrates Octopamine receptors that are the focus of this study are classified as either α- or β-adrenergic-like. Knowledge on these receptors is scarce for the American cockroach (Periplaneta americana). So far, only an α–adrenergic-like octopamine receptor that primarily causes Ca2+ release from intracellular stores has been studied from the cockroach (PaOctα1R). Here we succeeded in cloning a gene from cockroach brain tissue that encodes a β-adrenergic-like receptor and leads to cAMP production upon activation. Notably, the receptor is 100-fold more selective for octopamine than for tyramine. A series of synthetic antagonists selectively block receptor activity with epinastine being the most potent. Bioinformatics allowed us to identify a total of 19 receptor sequences that build the framework of the biogenic amine receptor clade in the American cockroach. Phylogenetic analyses using these sequences and receptor sequences from model organisms showed that the newly cloned gene is an β2-adrenergic-like octopamine receptor. The functional characterization of PaOctβ2R and the bioinformatics data uncovered that the monoaminergic receptor family in the hemimetabolic P. americana is similarly complex as in holometabolic model insects like Drosophila melanogaster and the honeybee, Apis mellifera. Thus, investigating these receptors in detail may contribute to a better understanding of monoaminergic signaling in insect behavior and physiology.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PaOctβ2R: Identification and Functional Characterization of an Octopamine Receptor Activating Adenylyl Cyclase Activity in the American Cockroach Periplaneta americana

Blenau

Bremer

Schwietz

et al. 2022

IJMS

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“…This definition is based on the concept, in which neurons represent information with sequences of spikes (24,25). However, a number of "non-spiking neurons" do not generate action potentials (26)(27)(28)(29). Instead, they can transmit information with a temporal structure of subthreshold membrane potential (30,31).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light/Clock Influences Membrane Potential Dynamics to Regulate Sleep States

et al. 2021

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The circadian rhythm is a fundamental process that regulates the sleep–wake cycle. This rhythm is regulated by core clock genes that oscillate to create a physiological rhythm of circadian neuronal activity. However, we do not know much about the mechanism by which circadian inputs influence neurons involved in sleep–wake architecture. One possible mechanism involves the photoreceptor cryptochrome (CRY). In Drosophila, CRY is receptive to blue light and resets the circadian rhythm. CRY also influences membrane potential dynamics that regulate neural activity of circadian clock neurons in Drosophila, including the temporal structure in sequences of spikes, by interacting with subunits of the voltage-dependent potassium channel. Moreover, several core clock molecules interact with voltage-dependent/independent channels, channel-binding protein, and subunits of the electrogenic ion pump. These components cooperatively regulate mechanisms that translate circadian photoreception and the timing of clock genes into changes in membrane excitability, such as neural firing activity and polarization sensitivity. In clock neurons expressing CRY, these mechanisms also influence synaptic plasticity. In this review, we propose that membrane potential dynamics created by circadian photoreception and core clock molecules are critical for generating the set point of synaptic plasticity that depend on neural coding. In this way, membrane potential dynamics drive formation of baseline sleep architecture, light-driven arousal, and memory processing. We also discuss the machinery that coordinates membrane excitability in circadian networks found in Drosophila, and we compare this machinery to that found in mammalian systems. Based on this body of work, we propose future studies that can better delineate how neural codes impact molecular/cellular signaling and contribute to sleep, memory processing, and neurological disorders.

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“…To this end, the network topology includes three relevant motifs. First, the LN connectivity in the antennal lobe constitutes lateral inhibition as a motif that generally enhances neural contrast [34,72] and that is implemented in the olfactory system of virtually all insects [36,[73][74][75][76][77][78], as well as in computational models thereof [25,28,52,79]. Second, the random connectivity from PNs to a larger number of KCs is net divergent and sparse, expanding the dimensionality of the coding space [51,80,81].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A neuromorphic model of olfactory processing and sparse coding in the Drosophila larva brain

Jürgensen

Khalili

Chicca

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Animal nervous systems are highly efficient in processing sensory input. The neuromorphic computing paradigm aims at the hardware implementation of similar mechanism to support novel solutions for building brain-inspired computing systems. Here, we take inspiration from sensory processing in the nervous system of the fruit fly larva. With its strongly limited computational resources of <200 neurons and <1.000 synapses the larval olfactory pathway employs fundamental computations to transform broadly tuned receptor input at the periphery into an energy efficient sparse code in the central brain. We show how this approach allows us to achieve sparse coding and increased separability of stimulus patterns in a spiking neural network, validated with both software simulation and hardware emulation on mixed-signal real-time neuromorphic hardware. We verify that feedback inhibition is the central motif to support sparseness in the spatial domain, across the neuron population, while the combination of spike frequency adaptation and feedback inhibition determines sparseness in the temporal domain. Our experiments demonstrate that such small-sized, biologically realistic neural networks, efficiently implemented on neuromorphic hardware, can achieve parallel processing and efficient encoding of sensory input at full temporal resolution.

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Odor processing in the cockroach antennal lobe—the network components

Cited by 19 publications

References 101 publications

PaOctβ2R: Identification and Functional Characterization of an Octopamine Receptor Activating Adenylyl Cyclase Activity in the American Cockroach Periplaneta americana

PaOctβ2R: Identification and Functional Characterization of an Octopamine Receptor Activating Adenylyl Cyclase Activity in the American Cockroach Periplaneta americana

Light/Clock Influences Membrane Potential Dynamics to Regulate Sleep States

A neuromorphic model of olfactory processing and sparse coding in the Drosophila larva brain

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