Odor perception and symptoms during acrolein exposure in individuals with and without building-related symptoms

Palmquist, Eva; Claeson, Anna-Sara

doi:10.1038/s41598-022-12370-7

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…A total of 33 volatile compounds were analyzed (Table 3). In the alcohol group, heptane and o-xylene, which are related to sweet [39] and petroleum-like [40] aromas, appeared in WR but decreased with the heat treatment time. However, they did not appear in P, probably due to other ingredients that mask these aromas.…”

Section: Evaluation Of Volatile Organic Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Detection of Aroma Profile in Spanish Rice Paella during Socarrat Formation by Electronic Nose and Sensory Panel

et al. 2023

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Valencian paella is a world-famous dish that is originally from the Valencia Spanish region, in which rice is the basic ingredient along with others such as extra virgin olive oil, vegetables, seafood and/or meat. During the cooking process, the paella rice suffers a loss of moisture and the socarrat is formed, being crunchy and brown in color. The objective of this work was to evaluate the aromas generated during the formation of socarrat in paella rice (P) by an electronic nose (E-nose), discriminating against the aromatic profile of white rice (WR), and validate it with sensory analysis and gas chromatography. The results of the sensory analysis showed a decrease in positive fruity and sweet aromas of some volatile compounds such as hexanal and nonanal, among others, and an increase in roasted aromas due to the appearance of furans and furanones compounds, which is probably associated with socarrat formation. The acrylamide content increased by 33.8–48.3% as the intensity of the thermal treatment rose. The higher value of acrylamide (179.5 ng g−1) was achieved in P. The E-nose was sensitive to changes in the aromatic profile, and the PCA analysis explained 85.7% and 91.6% of the variance for WR and P, respectively. Furthermore, a strong clustering in the thermal treatments was observed, which is related to the composition of volatile compounds.

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Section: Evaluation Of Volatile Organic Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Detection of Aroma Profile in Spanish Rice Paella during Socarrat Formation by Electronic Nose and Sensory Panel

et al. 2023

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“…Bornschein et al ( 2002 ) did not observe any deviation from norms between 12 MCS-patients and 12 matched controls in a positron emission tomography study where cerebral glucose metabolism was an indicator of cerebral dysfunction. Chemical intolerance seems to be associated with disease comorbidities (Palmer et al 2021 ). However, a causal relationship has not been identified.…”

Section: Influence Of the Grouping Factor Affectivity ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure limits for indoor volatile substances concerning the general population: The role of population-based differences in sensory irritation of the eyes and airways for assessment factors

Kleinbeck,

Wolkoff

2024

Arch Toxicol

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Assessment factors (AFs) are essential in the derivation of occupational exposure limits (OELs) and indoor air quality guidelines. The factors shall accommodate differences in sensitivity between subgroups, i.e., workers, healthy and sick people, and occupational exposure versus life-long exposure for the general population. Derivation of AFs itself is based on empirical knowledge from human and animal exposure studies with immanent uncertainty in the empirical evidence due to knowledge gaps and experimental reliability. Sensory irritation in the eyes and airways constitute about 30–40% of OELs and is an abundant symptom in non-industrial buildings characterizing the indoor air quality and general health. Intraspecies differences between subgroups of the general population should be quantified for the proposal of more ‘empirical’ based AFs. In this review, we focus on sensitivity differences in sensory irritation about gender, age, health status, and vulnerability in people, based solely on human exposure studies. Females are more sensitive to sensory irritation than males for few volatile substances. Older people appear less sensitive than younger ones. However, impaired defense mechanisms may increase vulnerability in the long term. Empirical evidence of sensory irritation in children is rare and limited to children down to the age of six years. Studies of the nervous system in children compared to adults suggest a higher sensitivity in children; however, some defense mechanisms are more efficient in children than in adults. Usually, exposure studies are performed with healthy subjects. Exposure studies with sick people are not representative due to the deselection of subjects with moderate or severe eye or airway diseases, which likely underestimates the sensitivity of the group of people with diseases. Psychological characterization like personality factors shows that concentrations of volatile substances far below their sensory irritation thresholds may influence the sensitivity, in part biased by odor perception. Thus, the protection of people with extreme personality traits is not feasible by an AF and other mitigation strategies are required. The available empirical evidence comprising age, lifestyle, and health supports an AF of not greater than up to 2 for sensory irritation. Further, general AFs are discouraged for derivation, rather substance-specific derivation of AFs is recommended based on the risk assessment of empirical data, deposition in the airways depending on the substance’s water solubility and compensating for knowledge and experimental gaps. Modeling of sensory irritation would be a better ‘empirical’ starting point for derivation of AFs for children, older, and sick people, as human exposure studies are not possible (due to ethical reasons) or not generalizable (due to self-selection). Dedicated AFs may be derived for environments where dry air, high room temperature, and visually demanding tasks aggravate the eyes or airways than for places in which the workload is balanced, while indoor playgrounds might need other AFs due to physical workload and affected groups of the general population.

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Time dependency and individual variation in human sensory irritation from acrolein – a controlled exposure study

Claeson,

Rosa,

Nordin

2024

International Journal of Environmental Health Research

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Odor perception and symptoms during acrolein exposure in individuals with and without building-related symptoms

Cited by 4 publications

References 51 publications

Detection of Aroma Profile in Spanish Rice Paella during Socarrat Formation by Electronic Nose and Sensory Panel

Detection of Aroma Profile in Spanish Rice Paella during Socarrat Formation by Electronic Nose and Sensory Panel

Exposure limits for indoor volatile substances concerning the general population: The role of population-based differences in sensory irritation of the eyes and airways for assessment factors

Time dependency and individual variation in human sensory irritation from acrolein – a controlled exposure study

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