Odor Coding in the Maxillary Palp of the Malaria Vector Mosquito Anopheles gambiae

Lu, Tan; Qiu, Yu Tong; Wang, Guirong; Kwon, Jae Young; Rützler, Michael; Kwon, Hyung-Wook; Pitts, R. Jason; Loon, Joop J. A. van; Takken, Willem; Carlson, John R.; Zwiebel, Laurence J.

doi:10.1016/j.cub.2007.07.062

Cited by 316 publications

(476 citation statements)

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“…To address this hypothesis, RNAseq was used to examine relative transcript abundances in A. gambiae testes (Table 1) where more than 30 AgOrs were detected, nine of which had reads per kilobase per million (RPKM) values greater than 1 (Table1) and their percentile ranks ranged between 20 and 45. Interestingly, seven of the 10 most abundant transcripts, AgOrs 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 34, and 37, are predominantly expressed in tissues other than antennae (Table 1) including the maxillary palps, proboscises, and larval antennae (3,4,29). Highly correlated results were obtained from age-matched, mated versus unmated testes samples (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…transcriptomics | cell signaling | gamete | chemical ecology | Culicidae T o date, studies of odorant receptor (OR) expression and function in mosquitoes and other insects have been limited to adult and larval appendages where the fundamental properties of insect chemosensation continue to be elucidated (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6). Unlike their mammalian counterparts, which function strictly as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), insect ORs generally act as heteromeric ion channels of at least two subunits: a highly conserved coreceptor (Orco) and a ligand-recognizing receptor (ORx) (7)(8)(9)(10)(11), although evidence for second messenger signaling has also been observed (12,13), especially in sex pheromone signaling (14).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Odorant receptor-mediated sperm activation in disease vector mosquitoes

Pitts

Liu

Zhou

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Insects, such as the malaria vector mosquito, Anopheles gambiae, depend upon chemoreceptors to respond to volatiles emitted from a range of environmental sources, most notably blood meal hosts and oviposition sites. A subset of peripheral signaling pathways involved in these insect chemosensory-dependent behaviors requires the activity of heteromeric odorant receptor (OR) ion channel complexes and ligands for numerous A. gambiae ORs (AgOrs) have been identified. Although AgOrs are expressed in nonhead appendages, studies characterizing potential AgOr function in nonolfactory tissues have not been conducted. In the present study, we explore the possibility that AgOrs mediate responses of spermatozoa to endogenous signaling molecules in A. gambiae. In addition to finding AgOr transcript expression in testes, we show that the OR coreceptor, AgOrco, is localized to the flagella of A. gambiae spermatozoa where Orco-specific agonists, antagonists, and other odorant ligands robustly activate flagella beating in an Orco-dependent process. We also demonstrate Orco expression and Orco-mediated activation of spermatozoa in the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti. Moreover, we find Orco localization in testes across distinct insect taxa and posit that OR-mediated responses in spermatozoa may represent a general characteristic of insect reproduction and an example of convergent evolution.transcriptomics | cell signaling | gamete | chemical ecology | Culicidae

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 80%

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confidence: 99%

Odorant receptor-mediated sperm activation in disease vector mosquitoes

Pitts

Liu

Zhou

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…This system has been used to characterize numerous insect odorant and pheromone receptors (17)(18)(19)(20)(21). The test panel of 29 core chemical stimuli used for larval behavioral studies was augmented by an additional 53 compounds or odorant mixtures to enhance odorant representation across a range of chemical classes.…”

Section: Odor Response Spectra Of An Gambiae Larval Odorant Receptorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whole-cell currents were recorded from the Xenopus oocytes injected with corresponding cRNAs by using a two-electrode voltage clamp as described in ref. 21.…”

Section: Receptor Expression In Xenopus Oocytes and Two-electrode Volmentioning

confidence: 99%

The molecular and cellular basis of olfactory-driven behavior inAnopheles gambiaelarvae

Xia

Wang

Buscariollo

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The mosquito Anopheles gambiae is the principal Afrotropical vector for human malaria. A central component of its vectorial capacity is the ability to maintain sufficient populations of adults. During both adult and preadult (larval) stages, the mosquitoes depend on the ability to recognize and respond to chemical cues that mediate feeding and survival. In this study, we used a behavioral assay to identify a range of odorant-specific responses of An. gambiae larvae that are dependent on the integrity of the larval antennae. Parallel molecular analyses have identified a subset of the An. gambiae odorant receptors (AgOrs) that are localized to discrete neurons within the larval antennae and facilitate odor-evoked responses in Xenopus oocytes that are consistent with the larval behavioral spectrum. These studies shed light on chemosensory-driven behaviors and represent molecular and cellular characterization of olfactory processes in mosquito larvae. These advances may ultimately enhance the development of vector control strategies, targeting olfactory pathways in larval-stage mosquitoes to reduce the catastrophic effects of malaria and other diseases.malaria ͉ olfaction ͉ signal transduction ͉ odorant receptors S ensitivity and the ability to respond to a wide range of olfactory cues are essential for many behavioral processes that mediate the vectorial capacity of Anopheles gambiae and other diseasecarrying mosquitoes (1). Although there is a growing body of knowledge of the adult An. gambiae olfactory system, there is a paucity of information as to the molecular and cellular basis of olfaction in larval stages, in which it may be of potential importance in disease control. Paradoxically, despite being one of the historically most successful strategies for mosquito control (2) and prevention of human malaria, the targeting of mosquito larvae or larval habitats around human dwellings is sparsely implemented in Africa and other malaria-endemic regions (3). Furthermore, the simplicity of insect larval olfactory systems makes them excellent models to study olfactory signal transduction and coding. Indeed, the arbovirus vector mosquito Aedes aegypti expresses 24 odorant receptor (OR) genes in the larval antenna, 15 of which are larval specific (4). Elegant work in the Drosophila melanogaster model has detailed larval behavioral responses and characterized 25 ORs that are expressed in 21 olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) in each of the two dorsal organs, which constitute the olfactory apparatus of the fly larva (5-7).In this study, we designed and used a simple olfactory-based assay to carry out an initial characterization of An. gambiae larval behavioral responses to a range of natural and synthetic chemical stimuli. Consistent with olfactory function, ablation of the larval antennae specifically eliminated these behavioral responses, and molecular approaches identified a set of larval AgOrs, which were in some cases larval specific and the transcripts of which were mapped to a distinctive population of ORNs within th...

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“…Gr63a null mutant flies fail to respond to elevated CO 2 and ectopic expression of both Gr21a and Gr63a together, but not either one alone, confers CO 2 -sensitivity on non-CO 2 neurons (Jones et al, 2007). The malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae has clear homologues of Gr21a and Gr63a, which are co-expressed in the CO 2 neurons of its maxillary palps (Jones et al, 2007) and which function as CO 2 receptors when ectopically expressed in Drosophila (Lu et al, 2007). Phylogenetic analysis of the insect gustatory receptors reveals that Gr21a and Gr63a are more related to each other than any of the other Grs and that mosquitoes, moths, and beetles actually have three CO 2 receptor genes (i.e., Gr1, Gr2, and Gr3) (Robertson and Kent, 2009).…”

Section: Olfactory Co 2 Detection Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Olfactory Carbon Dioxide Detection by Insects and Other Animals

Jones

2013

Molecules and Cells

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Carbon dioxide is a small, relatively inert, but highly volatile gas that not only gives beer its bubbles, but that also acts as one of the primary driving forces of anthropogenic climate change. While beer brewers experiment with the effects of CO 2 on flavor and climate scientists are concerned with global changes to ambient CO 2 levels that take place over the course of decades, many animal species are keenly aware of changes in CO 2 concentration that occur much more rapidly and on a much more local scale. Although imperceptible to us, these small changes in CO 2 concentration can indicate imminent danger, signal overcrowding, and point the way to food. Here I review several of these CO 2 -evoked behaviors and compare the systems insects, nematodes, and vertebrates use to detect environmental CO 2 .

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Odor Coding in the Maxillary Palp of the Malaria Vector Mosquito Anopheles gambiae

Cited by 316 publications

References 45 publications

Odorant receptor-mediated sperm activation in disease vector mosquitoes

Odorant receptor-mediated sperm activation in disease vector mosquitoes

The molecular and cellular basis of olfactory-driven behavior inAnopheles gambiaelarvae

Olfactory Carbon Dioxide Detection by Insects and Other Animals

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