Odontogenic myxoma: Literature review

Abstract

The odontogenic myxoma (OM) is a locally aggressive and infiltrating benign tumor that originates from the odontogenic ectomesenchyme. It represents the third most prevalent odontogenic tumor. It presents a predilection for the female sex, affecting the first and fourth decade of life. Clinically it is asymptomatic, however, it can generate facial asymmetry, causing an expansion of the bone cortices, dental displacement, root resorption. Radiographically, odontogenic myxoma generally presents a multilocular radiographic pattern that can vary in appearance, including "soap bubble", "honeycomb" and "tennis racket" or "sunbeam" shapes. In histological studies, the odontogenic myxoma is observed to be composed of stellate to spindle-shaped cells wrapped in an abundant extracellular matrix rich in mucin, without encapsulation and that may contain epithelial residues. Treatment is variable and corresponds to the size of the lesion. Well, there are conservative treatments focused on curettage or radical treatments and in the same way the recurrence of this lesion will depend on the type of treatment. The objective of this article is to evaluate demographic aspects such as age; location; prevalence; clinical, radiographic and histological analysis; treatment, results and recurrence.