Odds of fault and factors for out-of-state drivers in crashes in four states of the USA

The odds of wrong-way crashes and resulting fatalities: A comprehensive analysis

“…Interestingly, when compared with the out-of-state licensees, in-state drivers were twice as likely to be involved in a WWD crash but only half likely to be involved in a fatal WWD crash. These results are consistent with the literature (Harootunian et al, 2014). It is possible that the out-of-state drivers are unfamiliar with the local roads and hence get involved in a WWD crash yet are cautious enough to not have compounding factors that may lead to a fatal crash.…”

Fault Determination for Crashes in Vermont

“…Table 1 shows the human and environmental variables assembled from the Vermont crash database for analysis. All variables shown are binary except for two continuous ones (age and distance) and were grouped by safe and unsafe driving conditions as shown in previous research (3,4,(7)(8)(9)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31). Table 1 also describes some simple distributions of each of the variables that were subsequently used in the statistical analysis.…”

“…Since this group was not readily available outside of this data set, the drivers who were coded as not at fault in the two-vehicle crashes were used as the control for both the single-and two-vehicle crashes. Albeit with flaws, this method has been used by previous researchers, and it is currently the standard for analyzing crash data of this nature (7,8,(35)(36)(37)(38).…”

“…Prior research has shown that foreign drivers experience reduced safety (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6) and recent studies suggest that out-of-state drivers display unsafe driving behavior (7,8). Most of the literature defines foreign drivers on the basis of political boundaries (i.e., country and state borders); this basis may be artificial in terms of driver familiarity and comfort in a particular environment.…”

“…Most of the literature defines foreign drivers on the basis of political boundaries (i.e., country and state borders); this basis may be artificial in terms of driver familiarity and comfort in a particular environment. The current research builds on previous work (7,8) that showed that out-of-state drivers had higher odds of fault, especially in single-vehicle crashes, and considers the distance separating the drivers' home and crash locations to evaluate whether safety differences exist at the intrastate level. This research adds another level of understanding to what may be an understudied contributing factor for certain types of crashes.…”