Oculomotor Behavior as a Biomarker for Differentiating Pediatric Patients With Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Age Matched Controls

Hunfalvay, Melissa; Murray, Nicholas P.; Roberts, Claire-Marie; Tyagi, Ankur; Barclay, Kyle W; Frederick, Carrick

doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2020.581819

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…These studies have yielded high specificity and sensitivity values. [55][56][57][58][59][60][61] However, these studies fell outside the parameters and focus of our study and were excluded because of the extensive delay between concussion onset and examination time and the inclusion of nonathletes. Visual changes can occur immediately after concussion and, in some cases, can remain for years following TBI.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic predictive values for sport-related concussions: a systematic review and diagnostic meta-analysis

Dharnipragada,

Naik,

Denduluri

et al. 2024

Journal of Neurosurgery

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OBJECTIVE Sport-related concussions (SRCs) can cause significant neurological symptoms, and approximately 10%–15% of athletes with SRC experience a prolonged recovery. Given the lack of visible injury on brain imaging and their varied presentations, concussions can be difficult to diagnose. A variety of tests and examination methods have been used to elicit a concussion diagnosis; however, the sensitivity and specificity of these tests are variable. The authors performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of standardized tests and visible signs like balance and vision changes in the diagnosis of SRC. METHODS A PRISMA-adherent systematic review of concussion diagnostic examinations was performed using the PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases on December 1, 2022. Search terms included "concussion," "traumatic brain injury," "diagnosis," "sensitivity," and "specificity." Each method of examination was categorized into larger group-based symptomatologic presentations or standardized tools. The primary outcome was the diagnosis of concussion. Pooled specificity and sensitivity for each method were calculated using a meta-analysis of proportion and were hierarchically ranked using P-scores calculated from a diagnostic frequentist network meta-analysis. RESULTS Thirty full-length articles were identified for inclusion, 13 of which evaluated grouped symptomology examinations (balance and overall clinical presentation) and 17 of which evaluated established formalized tools (ImPACT, King-Devick [K-D] Test, Sport Concussion Assessment Tool [SCAT]). The pooled specificity of the examination methods differed minimally (0.8–0.85), whereas the sensitivity varied to a larger degree (0.5–0.88). In a random effects model, the SCAT had the greatest diagnostic yield (diagnostic OR 31.65, 95% CI 11.06–90.57). Additionally, P-score hierarchical ranking revealed SCAT as having the greatest diagnostic utility (p = 0.9733), followed sequentially by ImPACT, clinical presentation, K-D, and balance. CONCLUSIONS In deciphering which concussion symptom-focused examinations and standardized tools are most accurate in making a concussion diagnosis, the authors found that the SCAT examination has the greatest diagnostic yield, followed by ImPACT, clinical presentation, and K-D, which have comparable value for diagnosis. Given the indirect nature of this analysis, however, further comparative studies are needed to validate the findings.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic predictive values for sport-related concussions: a systematic review and diagnostic meta-analysis

Dharnipragada,

Naik,

Denduluri

et al. 2024

Journal of Neurosurgery

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“…Many of the areas of the brain most vulnerable to mild TBI are related to vision [56] , including the long axonal fibres connecting the retina to the lateral geniculate body (LGN) and the LGN to the visual cortex, that get distorted by trauma causing diffuse axonal injury (DAI) [47] . There is a further potential for TBI indicators to be found in the retina, which is as an extension of brain tissue with biochemical changes in the retina occurring after various neuronal disturbances [114] , and there is potential for ocular manifestations of TBI to be detected by ophthalmic imaging techniques [30] , despite the lack of prospective data [115] , for example, oculomotor deficits may be, demonstrated by eye tracking in paediatric patients [113] , [116] . Fifty four percent of blast induced TBI patients had global visual field loss and visual field dysfunctions were present in all TBI severities [117] .…”

Section: Ocular Responses To Tbi and Neurodegenerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review: Emerging Eye-Based Diagnostic Technologies for Traumatic Brain Injury

Harris

Rickard

Butt

et al. 2023

IEEE Rev. Biomed. Eng.

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The study of ocular manifestations of neurodegenerative disorders, Oculomics, is a growing field of investigation for early diagnostics, enabling structural and chemical biomarkers to be monitored overtime to predict prognosis. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) triggers a cascade of events harmful to the brain, which can lead to neurodegeneration. TBI, termed the "silent epidemic" is becoming a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. There is currently no effective diagnostic tool for TBI, and yet, earlyintervention is known to considerably shorten hospital stays, improve outcomes, fasten neurological recovery and lower mortality rates, highlighting the unmet need for techniques capable of rapid and accurate point-of-care diagnostics, implemented in the earliest stages. This review focuses on the latest advances in the main neuropathophysiological responses and the achievements and shortfalls of TBI diagnostic methods. Validated and emerging TBI-indicative biomarkers are outlined and linked to ocular neuro-disorders. Methods detecting structural and chemical ocular responses to TBI are categorised along with prospective chemical and physical sensing techniques. Particular attention is drawn to the potential of Raman spectroscopy as a non-invasive sensing of neurological molecular signatures in the ocular projections of the brain, laying the platform for the first tangible path towards alternative point-of-care diagnostic technologies for TBI.

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“…In the last few years, an increasing number of studies have investigated gaze behavior in individuals with different psychiatric disorders besides those already mentioned (for instance, eating disorders [ 8 ]) or with neurological disorders. For instance, eye tracking has been applied to the study of stroke [ 9 ], brain injury [ 10 ] or neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disorder or Parkinson’s disorder [ 11 , 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Eye Tracking Technology in Medicine: A Bibliometric Analysis

Zammarchi

Conversano

2021

Vision

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Eye tracking provides a quantitative measure of eye movements during different activities. We report the results from a bibliometric analysis to investigate trends in eye tracking research applied to the study of different medical conditions. We conducted a search on the Web of Science Core Collection (WoS) database and analyzed the dataset of 2456 retrieved articles using VOSviewer and the Bibliometrix R package. The most represented area was psychiatry (503, 20.5%) followed by neuroscience (465, 18.9%) and psychology developmental (337, 13.7%). The annual scientific production growth was 11.14% and showed exponential growth with three main peaks in 2011, 2015 and 2017. Extensive collaboration networks were identified between the three countries with the highest scientific production, the USA (35.3%), the UK (9.5%) and Germany (7.3%). Based on term co-occurrence maps and analyses of sources of articles, we identified autism spectrum disorders as the most investigated condition and conducted specific analyses on 638 articles related to this topic which showed an annual scientific production growth of 16.52%. The majority of studies focused on autism used eye tracking to investigate gaze patterns with regards to stimuli related to social interaction. Our analysis highlights the widespread and increasing use of eye tracking in the study of different neurological and psychiatric conditions.

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Oculomotor Behavior as a Biomarker for Differentiating Pediatric Patients With Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Age Matched Controls

Cited by 9 publications

References 57 publications

Diagnostic predictive values for sport-related concussions: a systematic review and diagnostic meta-analysis

Diagnostic predictive values for sport-related concussions: a systematic review and diagnostic meta-analysis

Review: Emerging Eye-Based Diagnostic Technologies for Traumatic Brain Injury

Application of Eye Tracking Technology in Medicine: A Bibliometric Analysis

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