Ocular War Injuries in Jerusalem

Gombos, George M.

doi:10.1016/0002-9394(69)90717-x

Cited by 19 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In the Korean and Israeli-Arabic Wars, gunshot injuries amounted to only 4%-5%, whereas all others were caused by explosive devices. Our results are consistent with literature data on contemporary wars, where explosive devices are responsible for over 95% injuries [1,2,4,7,14].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…The high velocity and large mass of foreign bodies increase the probability of open globe injuries (42%-53%) [1,2,4,7,13,14], which is much higher than in peacetime conditions (according to various authors, open globe cases amount to 12%-30% of total ocular trauma in developed countries) [15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With the introduction of highvelocity projectiles and explosive devices (mines, grenades) instead of light weapons, the number of eye injuries has increased (Table 1) [1][2][3][4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wartime open globe eye injuries

Plestina-Borjan

Medvidovic-Grubisic²,

Žuljan

et al. 2009

Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wartime open globe eye injuries

Plestina-Borjan

Medvidovic-Grubisic²,

Žuljan

et al. 2009

Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol

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“…Loss of vision is likely to lead to loss of career, major lifestyle changes and disfigurement. Unlike in peacetime where unilateral injuries are the rule, ocular war injuries are bilateral in 15-25% of cases [1,2]. Eye injuries come at a high cost to society and are largely avoidable [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The injured eye

Scott

2011

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Eye injuries come at a high cost to society and are avoidable. Ocular blast injuries can be primary, from the blast wave itself; secondary, from fragments carried by the blast wind; tertiary; due to structural collapse or being thrown against a fixed object; or quaternary, from burns and indirect injuries. Ballistic eye protection significantly reduces the incidence of eye injuries and should be encouraged from an early stage in Military training. Management of an injured eye requires meticulous history taking, evaluation of vision that measures the acuity and if there is a relative pupillary defect as well as careful inspection of the eyes, under anaesthetic if necessary. A lateral canthotomy with cantholysis should be performed immediately if there is a sight-threatening retrobulbar haemorrhage. Systemic antibiotics should be prescribed if there is a suspected penetrating or perforating injury. A ruptured globe should be protected by an eye shield. Primary repair of ruptured globes should be performed in a timely fashion. Secondary procedures will often be required at a later date to achieve sight preservation. A poor initial visual acuity is not a guarantee of a poor final result. The final result can be predicted after approximately 3-4 weeks. Future research in eye injuries attempts to reduce scarring and neuronal damage as well as to promote photoreceptor rescue, using posttranscriptional inhibition of cell death pathways and vaccination to promote neural recovery. Where the sight has been lost sensory substitution of a picture from a spectacle mounted video camera to the touch receptors of the tongue can be used to achieve appreciation of the outside world.

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“…3 In the military setting, approximately 10% of war injuries with major trauma have eye injuries that are bilateral in 15-25% of cases. 4,5 Ocular blast injuries are particularly associated with significant maxillofacial trauma and/or brain injury. 6 Secondary blast injuries are the most common type of ocular blast injury, occurring iñ 42% of cases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of computerised tomography in predicting visual outcome in ocular trauma patients

Chaudhary

Upendran

Campion

et al. 2015

Eye

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Purpose Ocular blast injuries in the military setting are particularly associated with significant maxillofacial trauma and/or brain injury. The opportunity to perform a comprehensive ophthalmic evaluation is frequently limited in the acute multiple trauma scenario. We aim to describe the relationship between the clinical effects of acute ocular and orbital blast trauma with the findings on computerised tomography (CT). Methods This was a retrospective consecutive case series of all soldiers with facial and/or suspected ocular injuries. A total of 80 eyes that had suffered blast injuries of varying severity were studied. Assessment of orbital and ocular CT images were performed by military consultant radiologists. A comparison was made with actual clinical findings. Statistical analysis was performed using Fisher's exact test.Results No pathological findings were described in 37 of the 80 eyes imaged by orbital and ocular CT scans. Clinically, these eyes and orbits were all found to be intact, or had minor trauma. All foreign bodies and penetrating eye injuries were successfully diagnosed by CT. Absence of an orbital fracture did not rule out a globe injury. However, a corneal or scleral defect was less likely when an orbital fracture was absent. Conclusion The eye is a delicate structure prone to injury that requires urgent repair if breached. It is difficult to assess thoroughly in the unconscious or distressed patient. In this context, CT imaging is invaluable to be able to make a relatively confident prediction of clinical findings and decide upon the necessity for acute ophthalmic surgical intervention.

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Ocular War Injuries in Jerusalem

Cited by 19 publications

References 7 publications

Wartime open globe eye injuries

Wartime open globe eye injuries

The injured eye

The role of computerised tomography in predicting visual outcome in ocular trauma patients

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