Ocular Trauma in War Games

Tardif, Denis; Little, John W.; Mercier, Marcel; Podtetenev, Michel; Labelle, Philippe

doi:10.1080/00913847.1986.11709012

Cited by 13 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The authors recommended that universal use of eye protection would decrease the incidence of eye injuries, as almost all of the injured players either had not worn or had removed their eye protection for one reason or another. 5 Tardif et al 20 reported that paintball injuries represented 6% of sports-related injuries in Quebec in 1984. Many of the participants started the game with eye protection but removed them because of fogging, discomfort, or paint on the lens or had the goggles accidentally dislodged while running.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paintball Injuries in Children: More Than Meets the Eye

Listman

2004

Pediatrics

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ABSTRACT. Objective. To describe the increasing incidence of ocular injuries in the pediatric population caused by paintballs. The awareness of this trend will help the physician who treats the child to give appropriate care as well as educate physicians, who counsel children, about this growing mechanism of pediatric injuries.Methods. Previously unpublished data from the US Consumer Product Safety Commission were analyzed to find the frequency of ocular injuries in children. A review of the English-language literature was also conducted to describe trends with regard to age, sex, location at the time of injury, use of eye protection, types of injuries sustained, and long-term visual outcome.Results. The incidence of paintball eye injuries treated in emergency departments has risen from an estimated 545 in 1998 to >1200 in 2000. The proportion of these injuries that occurred in the pediatric population may be well over 40%. These injuries are seen predominantly in boys, a growing proportion of whom are playing informally in unsupervised settings and not wearing eye protection. The cases previously reported include large numbers of hyphemas, retinal detachments, cataracts, corneal abrasions, vitreous hemorrhages, and commotio retina. Many of the patients in these cases sustained permanent visual impairment, with 43% having best vision at follow-up of 20/200 or worse.Conclusions. Pediatric eye injuries caused by paintballs are an unrecognized cause of severe injury and permanent visual loss. The advances in eye protection for participants in "war games" have had little if any effect on the youngest population. Children and teens are unlikely to wear eye protection voluntarily when playing at undesignated or unsupervised locations. Changes should be made to restrict availability of these very dangerous but easily acquired guns and ammunition. Practitioners must counsel young people and their caregivers to avoid injuries by wearing appropriate eye protection. Parents should supervise the use of paintball equipment as they would other activities that involve high-speed projectiles. Pediatrics 2004;113:e15-e18. URL: http://www. pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full/113/1/e15; eye injury, paintball, protective gear, children, hyphema, vitreous hemorrhage.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paintball Injuries in Children: More Than Meets the Eye

Listman

2004

Pediatrics

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“…Paintball is a game played outdoors in an open field between 2 teams. Players try to eliminate the opposing team’s players from the game by shooting them with paintballs from compressed CO 2 -powered rifles, often in order to capture their flag [ 1 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paintball-related ocular trauma: Paintball or Painball?

Keleş

Ondas²,

Ekinci

et al. 2014

Med Sci Monit

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BackgroundThe aim of this study is to describe the type and severity of paintball-related ocular trauma and to determine the necessary precautions to minimize the risk of ocular injury regardless of whether adequate eye protection was used.Material/MethodsA retrospective chart review identified patients treated for paintball-related ocular trauma at the Ataturk University Medical Hospital from June 2010 through March 2013. A descriptive analysis of data was performed.ResultsTen patients with paintball-related ocular trauma were identified. At the time of their first examination, 7 of these patients had visual acuity (VA) of 20/200 or worse. One patient had a final VA of no light perception and 4 patients had a final VA of 20/200 or worse. Hyphema was noted in 7 patients, traumatic cataract in 2, iridodialysis in 2, retinal detachment in 3, and secondary glaucoma in 1. Six patients required surgery. Although all victims have used eye protection during the game, all patients were injured after they thought the game was over and had taken off their helmets or eye-protective devices.ConclusionsPaintball-related accidents result in serious ocular trauma and most of the patients require surgery. These injuries result in severe loss of VA in some patients. Uninterrupted use of proper eye protection whenever a player is in the game field, even after they believe the game has ended, may reduce the incidence of severe ocular trauma in paintball players.

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“…HE TERM "war game" refers to an outdoor recreational activity in which 2 competing teams attempt to capture their adversary's flag while shooting one another with paintballs fired from carbon dioxide (CO 2 )powered guns. 1 The paintballs are small (17 mm in diameter) gelatin projectiles filled with nontoxic, water-soluble paint that are intended to explode on contact with an object (Figure 1). When a paintball strikes a player, it releases the paint and marks the player as hit and out of the game.…”

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confidence: 99%

Changing Trends in Paintball Sport–Related Ocular Injuries

Fineman

Fischer²,

Jeffers³

et al. 2000

Arch Ophthalmol

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To describe the type and severity of ocular injuries caused by paintballs, to summarize the outcomes, to determine if the injury occurred in a commercial or noncommercial setting, to compare the number of injuries in each setting as a function of time, and to ascertain whether eye-protective devices were worn and why they were removed. Design: Retrospective analysis of 35 patients who sustained ocular injuries caused by paintballs and underwent evaluation and treatment at an eye hospital from January 1, 1985, to September 30, 1998. Thirty-five eyes of 35 patients underwent a complete ocular examination, diagnostic testing, and surgical intervention when indicated. Results: All patients were male (average age, 22 years). Twenty-six patients (74%) had an initial visual acuity of 20/200 or worse, and visual acuity in 16 (46%) remained 20/200 or worse on follow-up (range, 2 weeks to 22 months). Traumatic hyphema was seen in 21 patients (60%). Twenty-two patients (63%) had access to goggles, 7 (33%) of whom removed them due to fogging before the injury. Injuries sustained after 1995 were 5.8 times (relative risk, 5.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.5-22.4) more likely to occur during a noncommercial war game than those occurring in 1995 or before. Conclusions: As the popularity of war games increases, so does the potential for serious ocular injury caused by paint pellet guns. Most injuries seen after 1995 occurred in noncommercial war game settings, where the use of eye-protective devices is not required. Industry standards for eye protection have been developed recently and should be implemented.

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Ocular Trauma in War Games

Cited by 13 publications

References 3 publications

Paintball Injuries in Children: More Than Meets the Eye

Paintball Injuries in Children: More Than Meets the Eye

Paintball-related ocular trauma: Paintball or Painball?

Changing Trends in Paintball Sport–Related Ocular Injuries

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