Ocular Surface Residence Times of Artificial Tear Solutions

Snibson, Grant R.; Greaves, Jane; Soper, Nigel; Tiffany, John M.; Wilson, C. W. M.; Bron, A J

doi:10.1097/00003226-199207000-00003

Cited by 108 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Previous studies have shown differences in residency time of various demulcents on the ocular surface but provided little information on the efficacy of these substances. [13,14] The data in the present study show that these compounds do in fact appear to protect the cornea from drying. It was not possible, however, to statistically distinguish among these five products for efficacy compared to one another.…”

Section: Ubels Aupperlee and Meadows 278supporting

confidence: 48%

Artificial Tear Solutions and Protection of the Corneal Epithelium From Desiccation

Ubels

Aupperlee

Meadows

2002

Journal of Toxicology: Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Desiccation of the ocular surface in dry environments is one of the factors contributing to discomfort in dry eye patients. An in vivo desiccation model was used to test efficacy of artificial tear products for prevention of ocular surface damage during extended desiccating exposure. One drop of an artificial tear or a lens rewetting solution was placed on the eye of an anesthetized rabbit and the eye was held open with a speculum for 2 hr. Desiccated eyes were held open for 2 hr without application of a tear solution. Eyes were stained with 1% methylene blue in BSS. Naïve control eyes were stained with methylene blue without prior desiccation. The percentage of corneal area stained was scored and a 8-mm button of central cornea was extracted in acetone:saturated sodium sulfate (7:3). Absorbance of extracts was measured at 660 nm. Extract analysis showed that four of the five tear products tested offered complete protection from desiccation (not different from naïve control), while one solution, which was hypotonic, offered partial protection (uptake different from desiccated and naïve corneas). The lens 273

show abstract

Section: Ubels Aupperlee and Meadows 278supporting

confidence: 48%

Artificial Tear Solutions and Protection of the Corneal Epithelium From Desiccation

Ubels

Aupperlee

Meadows

2002

Journal of Toxicology: Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, previous in vivo work has found that sodium hyaluronate does indeed have the highest precorneal residence times compared with other ocular lubricants such as polyvinyl alcohol or hydroxypropylmethylcellulose. 16 In summary, the kinematic viscosities of ocular lubricants are independent of pH, but are strongly dependant on changes in temperature and dilutional changes. These are likely to reduce bioavailability under physiological conditions during instillation in the eye.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The effect of pH, dilution, and temperature on the viscosity of ocular lubricants—shift in rheological parameters and potential clinical significance

Rahman

Chuah

Macdonald

et al. 2012

Eye

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective To investigate the effect of temperature, dilution, and pH on the viscosity of ocular lubricants. Design Laboratory based investigation of viscosity. Participants No human subjects. Methods Hypromellose 0.3%, sodium hyaluronate 0.4%, carboxymethylcellulose sodium 0.5%/glycerin 0.9%, and carmellose sodium 0.5% were investigated. Ostwald capillary viscometers were utilised for viscosity measurements. The kinematic viscosity of each lubricant was tested quantitatively from 22 to 40 1C, and over a pH range of 5-8 under isothermal conditions. The kinematic viscosity of each eye drop was also tested under dilution by varying the mass fraction of each eye drop under isothermal conditions. Main outcome measure Changes in kinematic viscosity. Results Hypromellose 0.3% had an initial pH of 8.34, while the other lubricants had a pH close to neutral. From 22 to 35 1C, the kinematic viscosity of sodium hyaluronate 0.4 fell by 36% from 37.8 to 24.4 mm 2 /s, carboxymethylcellulose sodium 0.5%/glycerin 0.9% fell by 35% from 16.98 to 11.1 mm 2 /s, hypromellose fell by 37% from 6.89 to 3.69 mm 2 /s, and carmellose sodium 0.5% fell by 25% from 2.77 to 1.87 mm 2 /s. At 32 1C only sodium hyaluronate 0.4%, and carboxymethylcellulose sodium 0.5%/glycerin 0.9% retained sufficient kinematic viscosity to maintain precorneal residence. Kinematic viscosities of all the topical lubricants were unaffected by pH but decreased significantly with dilution. Conclusions This study suggests that currently used ocular lubricants have limited bioavailability due to reductions in viscosity by temperature and dilutional changes under physiological conditions. Developing lubricants with stable viscosities may maximise therapeutic efficacy.

show abstract

“…On the other hand S3, which resulted in the longest TBUT values, contains hyaluronic acid, which has been reported as a high-viscosity agent equivalent to mucus glycoprotein, with the ability to adhere to epithelial cells [19]. Previous research on surface residence time found that solutions containing sodium hyaluronate had a mean half-life on the ocular surface of 321 s, significantly longer than others with hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, which is a viscosity agent for S4, or a buffered saline solution such as S1 and S2 [20,21]. Other reports disclosed that tear substitutes with sodium hyaluronate provide better tear film stability, as determined by NIBUT values, than those with hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose [22], and resulted in better patient reported comfort [23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tear break-up time for tear film evaluation: Are moistening solutions interchangeable?

Serés

Quevedo

Cardona

et al. 2015

Contact Lens and Anterior Eye

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Ocular Surface Residence Times of Artificial Tear Solutions

Cited by 108 publications

References 0 publications

Artificial Tear Solutions and Protection of the Corneal Epithelium From Desiccation

Artificial Tear Solutions and Protection of the Corneal Epithelium From Desiccation

The effect of pH, dilution, and temperature on the viscosity of ocular lubricants—shift in rheological parameters and potential clinical significance

Tear break-up time for tear film evaluation: Are moistening solutions interchangeable?

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About