Ocular surface microbiota: Ophthalmic infectious disease and probiotics

Chiang, Ming-Cheng; Chern, Edward

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2022.952473

Cited by 21 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 105 publications

(94 reference statements)

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“…The normal human ocular surface microbiota contains Staphylococcus spp., Pseudomonas sp., Enterobacter sp., E. coli , and Acinetobacter sp. [ 69 , 70 ], so members of these genera have the potential to be acquired by corneal isolates of Acanthamoeba during infection. Additionally, the Acanthamoeba microbiome may originate from the external environment before colonizing human eye.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zooming in on the intracellular microbiome composition of bacterivorous Acanthamoeba isolates

Rayamajhee,

Willcox,

Sharma

et al. 2024

ISME Communications

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Acanthamoeba, a free-living amoeba (FLA) in water and soil, is an emerging pathogen causing severe eye infections known as Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK). In its natural environment, Acanthamoeba performs a dual function as an environmental heterotrophic predator and host for a range of microorganisms that resist digestion. Our objective was to characterize the intracellular microorganisms of phylogenetically distinct Acanthamoeba spp. isolated in Australia and India through directly sequencing 16S rRNA amplicons from the amoebae. The presence of intracellular bacteria was further confirmed by in situ hybridization and electron microscopy. Among the 51 isolates assessed, 41% harboured intracellular bacteria which were clustered into four major phyla: Pseudomonadota (previously known as Proteobacteria), Bacteroidota (previously known as Bacteroidetes), Actinomycetota (previously known as Actinobacteria), and Bacillota (previously known as Firmicutes). The linear discriminate analysis effect size (LEfSe) analysis identified distinct microbial abundance patterns among the sample types; Pseudomonas species was abundant in Australian corneal isolates (p < 0.007), Enterobacteriales showed higher abundance in Indian corneal isolates (p < 0.017), and Bacteroidota was abundant in Australian water isolates (p < 0.019). The bacterial beta diversity of Acanthamoeba isolates from keratitis patients in India and Australia significantly differed (p < 0.05), while alpha diversity did not vary based on the country of origin or source of isolation (p > 0.05). More diverse intracellular bacteria were identified in water isolates as compared to clinical isolates. Confocal and electron microscopy confirmed the bacterial cells undergoing binary fission within the amoebal host, indicating the presence of viable bacteria. This study sheds light on the possibility of a sympatric lifestyle within Acanthamoeba, thereby emphasizing its crucial role as a bunker and carrier of potential human pathogens.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zooming in on the intracellular microbiome composition of bacterivorous Acanthamoeba isolates

Rayamajhee,

Willcox,

Sharma

et al. 2024

ISME Communications

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“…Human studies suggest that the ocular surface microbiota is associated with ocular health (80,81), and that a healthy ocular microbiota may provide resistance against colonization from infectious agents (82,83). While the association of the ocular microbiota with IBK is yet to be determined, a recent study revealed a relative greater abundance of Moraxella spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the bovine ocular microbial community is a potential new target for manipulation, due to diseases such as IBK (79), which is a significant health issue affecting the beef cattle industry. Human studies suggest that the ocular surface microbiota is associated with ocular health (80, 81), and that a healthy ocular microbiota may provide resistance against colonization from infectious agents (82, 83). While the association of the ocular microbiota with IBK is yet to be determined, a recent study revealed a relative greater abundance of Moraxella spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whole-body Microbiota of Newborn Calves and Their Response to Prenatal Vitamin and Mineral Supplementation

Luecke

Holman

Schmidt

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Here, we investigated whether initial microbial colonization at seven different anatomical locations in newborn calves and their blood cytokines are influenced by prenatal vitamin and mineral (VTM) supplementation. Samples were collected from the hoof, liver, lung, nasal cavity, eye, rumen (tissue and fluid), and vagina of beef calves that were born from dams that received diets with or without VTM supplementation throughout gestation (n=7/group). Calves were separated from their dams immediately after birth and fed colostrum and milk replacer until euthanasia at 30 h post-initial colostrum feeding. The microbiota of all samples was assessed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and qPCR. 15 cytokines and chemokines were quantified in their serum. The hoof, ocular, liver, respiratory, and reproductive sites of newborn calves were colonized by site-specific microbiota that differed from that of the rumen (0.64 ≥ R2 ≥ 0.12, P ≤ 0.003). Only the ruminal fluid microbiota was differed by on prenatal VTM supplementation (P<0.01 Differences (P<0.05) were detected in microbial richness (vagina), diversity (ruminal tissue and fluid, eye), composition at the phylum and genus level (ruminal tissue and fluid, and vagina), and total bacterial abundance (ocular and vagina) between VTM and control calves. The cytokine IP-10 was higher (P=0.02) in VTM calves. Overall, our results suggest that despite immediate separation from the dam upon birth, whole-body of 32-h old calves are colonized by relatively rich, diverse and site-specific bacterial communities, and that initial microbial colonization of the rumen, vagina and oculus seem to be influenced by the prenatal VTM supplementation.

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“…In this context, it has been reported that S. epidermidis can cause infections such as conjunctivitis, blepharitis, corneal ulcers, and endophthalmitis, in addition to being one of the species frequently isolated from external ocular infections [36][37][38][39]. It is important to consider that every healthy person has ocular surface microbiota, which can vary according to age, environment, and geographic location, among others [2,40,41].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Characterization of Bacterial Agents Causing External Ocular Infections Isolates of Patients in a Third Level Hospital

Durán-Manuel,

Bello-López,

Salinas-Bobadilla

et al. 2023

Pathogens

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Empirical use of antibiotics in the treatment of eye infections leads to bacterial pathogens becoming resistant to antibiotics; consequently, treatment failure and eye health complications occur. The aim of this study was to describe the phenotype and genotype of the resistance and adherence of bacterial agents causing eye infections in patients at Hospital Juárez de México. An observational, prospective, cross-sectional, and descriptive study was carried out in patients with signs and symptoms of ocular infection. Bacterial agents were isolated and identified by classical microbiology and mass spectrometry. Antibiotic resistance and adherence profiles were determined. Finally, resistance (mecA/SCCmec) and virulence (icaA and icaD) genes were detected in the Gram-positive population. The results showed that blepharitis was the most prevalent condition in the study population. A MALDI-TOF analysis revealed that Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas genus were the most prevalent as causal agents of infection. Resistances to β-lactams were detected of 44 to 100%, followed by clindamycins, aminoglycosides, folate inhibitors, and nitrofurans. A multiple correspondence analysis showed a relationship between mecA genotype and β-lactams resistance. The identification of SCCmecIII and SCCmecIV elements suggested community and hospital sources of infection. Finally, the coexistence of icaA+/icaD+/mecA(SCCmecIII) and icaA+/icaD+/mecA(SCCmecIV) genotypes was detected in S. aureus. The identification of resistant and virulent isolates highlights the importance of developing protocols that address the timely diagnosis of ocular infections. Herein, implications for the failure of antimicrobial therapy in the treatment of ocular infections in susceptible patients are analysed and discussed.

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Ocular surface microbiota: Ophthalmic infectious disease and probiotics

Cited by 21 publications

References 105 publications

Zooming in on the intracellular microbiome composition of bacterivorous Acanthamoeba isolates

Zooming in on the intracellular microbiome composition of bacterivorous Acanthamoeba isolates

Whole-body Microbiota of Newborn Calves and Their Response to Prenatal Vitamin and Mineral Supplementation

Molecular Characterization of Bacterial Agents Causing External Ocular Infections Isolates of Patients in a Third Level Hospital

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