Ocular Side Effects of Systemic Medication

Sloan, Philip G.

doi:10.1097/00006324-196111000-00002

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Among the many conditions it has been recorded with are meibomian gland dysfunction and marginal blepharitis, 1 conjunctivitis, 2-4 contact lens wear, 5,6 cosmetics, 7 hypertension, diabetes, 8 acute angle-closure glaucoma, autoimmune disease, chemical injury, 9,10 episcleritis, uveitis, 9,11 sickle cell disease, 12 and pharmaceutical drug use. 13 Clinical grading scales that allow the assessment of severity have been developed for many ocular conditions, including the anterior chamber angle, 14 iris neovascularisation, 15 retinal nerve fibre layer atrophy, 16 focal narrowing of retinal arterioles in glaucoma, 17 diabetic retinopathy, 18 hypertensive arteriosclerosis, 19 tarsal abnormalities, 20 and lens opacities. 21 Similar scales have been developed to grade conjunctival hyperaemia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How red is a white eye? Clinical grading of normal conjunctival hyperaemia

Murphy

Lau

Sim

et al. 2006

Eye

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Purpose To quantify the level of normal bulbar conjunctival hyperaemia using the Cornea and Contact Lens Research Unit (CCLRU) grading scale, and to investigate inter-observer agreement. Methods Bulbar conjunctival hyperaemia was assessed by two trained observers, using the CCLRU grading scale (zero to four units) interpolated into 0.1 increments, on the right eye of 121 healthy, non-contact lens-wearing subjects (male ¼ 58, female ¼ 63, median age ¼ 28 years, range 16-77). The eye was observed using a slit-lamp bio-microscope ( Â 10 magnification) under diffuse, white illumination. The subject's position of gaze was directed to allow grading of four quadrants: superior, nasal, inferior, and temporal conjunctiva. Bulbar redness was defined as the average of those four grades of conjunctival hyperaemia. A further twenty subjects were recruited to assess interobserver agreement (male ¼ 8, female ¼ 12, median age ¼ 23 years). Results The average bulbar redness was 1.93 (70.32 SD) units. The nasal (2.370.4) and temporal (2.170.4) quadrants were significantly redder than the superior (1.670.4) and inferior (1.770.4) quadrants (Po0.0001). Males had redder eyes than females by 0.2 units. Inter-observer 95% limits of agreement for bulbar redness was 0.38 units. Conclusions The average bulbar redness of 1.9 units was higher than expected, reflecting the design of the grading scale. A bulbar redness of greater than 2.6 units may be considered abnormal, and a change in bulbar redness of Z0.4 units may be significant.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How red is a white eye? Clinical grading of normal conjunctival hyperaemia

Murphy

Lau

Sim

et al. 2006

Eye

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“…There have been a few studies of visual effects (Faucett, 1953, Luria, Paulson, Kinney, McKay, Strauss & Ryan, 1975Sloan, 1961). Since dimenhydrinate is known to cause drowsiness, we would expect depressed mental functioning to be associated with its use also (Jaatela, Mannisto, Paatero & Tuomisto, 1971 to any drug or taking any medication.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of aspirin and dimenhydrinate (Dramamine) on visual processes.

Luria¹,

Ja²,

Mckay³

et al. 1979

Brit J Clinical Pharma

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1. The effect of three doses of either aspirin (1280 mg each) or dimenhydrinate (Dramamine) (100 mg each) in an 8 h period on visual processes was investigated double‐blind on sixteen volunteer subjects. 2. Tests included night‐vision, colour‐discrimination, stereoacuity and stereopsis, reaction‐time, pupil size, eye‐movements, visual evoked cortical potentials, electroencephalographs, a dial‐reading task, and a test of texture discrimination. 3. Both drugs affected colour discrimination, and dimenhydrinate degraded night‐vision, reaction‐ time, and stereopsis. 4. The effect of aspirin was minor, but the impairments produced by dimenhydrinate appear to be of practical importance.

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“…AA is frequently measured for assessing the efficacy of topically pharmaceuticals, such as cycloplegic and mydriatic agents. AA can also be significantly altered by a number of systemic medications (Sears, 1989;Sloan, 1962). When the AA of an eye is minimal, more accommodation reserve is used for near work, and a myopic shift could occur for lower accommodation demand .…”

Section: Accommodation/tonic Accommodation and Refractive Errorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D in Dry Eye and Myopia

Yang¹

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Ocular Side Effects of Systemic Medication

Cited by 4 publications

References 1 publication

How red is a white eye? Clinical grading of normal conjunctival hyperaemia

How red is a white eye? Clinical grading of normal conjunctival hyperaemia

Effects of aspirin and dimenhydrinate (Dramamine) on visual processes.

Vitamin D in Dry Eye and Myopia

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