Ocular Rosacea

Purpose Infectious and inflammatory corneal diseases are a major cause of blindness. To date, assessment of corneal inflammation, has only been possible by slit-lamp biomicroscopy. The purpose of this study is to review the current state of imaging technologies enabling in vivo imaging of inflammation in the cornea. Methods Literature review of peer-reviewed articles on in vivo imaging modalities. Results Current means of diagnosis and treatment follow-up for immune and infectious keratitis are limited to slit-lamp biomicroscopy. Several modalities are currently emerging, allowing for in vivo imaging of corneal inflammation, including in vivo confocal microscopy, anterior segment optical coherence tomography, and intravital multiphoton microscopy. Conclusion Several in vivo imaging technologies are currently evolving, allowing for objective assessment of corneal inflammation and treatment response.

show abstract

“…Conjunctival samples of patients have shown infiltration of T cells, phagocytic cells, and antigen presenting cells (APCs). 10, 20 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vivo Imaging of Corneal Inflammation: New Tools for Clinical Practice and Research

Mantopoulos

Cruzat

Hamrah

2010

Seminars in Ophthalmology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Mac‐1 is an adhesion molecule expressed in both macrophages and neutrophils. Mac‐1 was reported by 1 study, with an increase reported 32 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Biomarkers in rosacea: A systematic review

Geng,

Bourkas,

Sibbald

et al. 2023

Acad Dermatol Venereol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Rosacea is a chronic and psychologically ladened disease affecting 1%–3% of people worldwide. The identification and validation of biomarkers in rosacea patients has the potential to improve disease progression, support diagnosis, provide objective measures for clinical trials and aid in management. The objective of this review is to systematically identify all rosacea biomarkers, categorize them by type and identify trends to improve disease expression. Eligibility criteria for this review (PROSPERO CRD42023397510) include randomized controlled trials, case–control studies, cohort studies and other observational studies. No restrictions were placed on patient demographics (age, sex, ethnicity) or language of publication until February 2023. Quality of studies was assessed using the National Institute of Health quality assessment tool. The literature search was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A total of 805 unique articles were screened based on the applied inclusion and exclusion criteria. After the articles were screened based on title/abstract and full‐text, a total of 38 studies were included, reporting on a total of 119 unique biomarkers. The results of this review and current rosacea pathogenic mechanisms provide the greatest support for the innate cathelicidin and inflammasome, Th1 and Th17 pathways. The most commonly reported biomarkers include IL‐1β, TNF‐α, IL‐37, IFN‐γ and MMP‐9. Biomarkers identified in this study support current theories of rosacea pathogenesis and provide direction for research to further our knowledge. However, more research is needed to identify biomarkers panels that can provide diagnostic utility. This may be difficult due to the heterogeneity of the disease and potential differences between rosacea subtypes.

show abstract

“…Blepharoconjunctivitis is the usual manifestation [3]. Peripheral corneal vascularization and punctate keratopathy are the most frequent corneal findings.…”

Section: Acquired Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%