Ocular pyoderma gangrenosum: A systematic review

Extracutaneous involvement of pyoderma gangrenosum

“…Ocular manifestations in PG are rare, with only several case reports currently in the literature [19,27,45,50] (Fig. 1).…”

“…PG with ocular involvement can affect the periorbital tissues and skin, usually presenting with eyelid swelling and nodules early on in the disease course [50]. Affected periorbital tissues may further progress to purulent discharge and necrosis of the affected tissues [27,50]. A common manifestation is necrotic ulceration and fistula in the eyelids leading to defects in the eyelid itself, especially affecting the medial third upper lid and the lateral two-thirds of the lower lids [50].…”

“…A common manifestation is necrotic ulceration and fistula in the eyelids leading to defects in the eyelid itself, especially affecting the medial third upper lid and the lateral two-thirds of the lower lids [50]. Healing often takes months and recurrence is extremely common, with orbital involvement associated with a higher rate of relapse [27]. Orbital involvement can present with scleritis, proptosis, and conjunctival injection [19,45,50].…”

“…The latter has been of special interest in patients with PG, as visceral involvement [41,61,62]. Among the systemic manifestations of PG, pulmonary involvement is the most common, followed by ocular and other visceral involvements [27,51]. Thus, the focus of this review is to describe extracutaneous manifestations of PG as these could aid in the diagnosis, management and prognosis of PG patients.…”

Pyoderma gangrenosum ‒ cutaneous and extracutaneous manifestations

“…Pulmonary manifestations are rare, manifesting as nodules with or without cavitation, interstitial lung disease, pleural effusions and could be potentially associated with a severe course of the disease. Chronic, multifocal osteomyelitis has been observed in some cases of pyoderma gangrenosum, which is often related to inflammatory bowel disease (1,2,4,(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17).…”