Ocular Pathogens and Antibiotic Sensitivity in Bacterial Keratitis Isolates at King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, 2011 to 2014

Al-Dhaheri, Huda S.; Al-Tamimi, Mashael D.; Khandekar, Rajiv; Khan, M. Z.; Stone, Donald U.

doi:10.1097/ico.0000000000000844

Cited by 38 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Fluoroquinolones, which are a class of drugs often used as first-line treatment for ocular infections, have generally been successful, especially as newer generations have been introduced [1, 22]. However, just like other antimicrobial classes, the systemic use of these fluoroquinolones as first-line broad-spectrum antibiotics tends to lead to increases in resistance due to selective pressure [4, 15, 16, 19]. In this study, 50 and 80% of MRSA isolates showed resistance to levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin respectively, while 3.53 and 7.41% of MSSA isolates showed resistance to levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, given the growing importance of this issue, there is also a need for smaller, regional studies to obtain local data. Many such single-center studies have been surveying and tracking antimicrobial resistance in order to establish effective treatment methods against ocular infections on a local level [6, 14–19]. The goal of this retrospective study was to determine resistance patterns in ocular pathogens isolated and analyzed by the Mount Sinai Hospital clinical microbiology laboratory in New York, NY and contribute our findings to the growing knowledge base regarding antimicrobial resistance of ocular pathogens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Retrospective report of antimicrobial susceptibility observed in bacterial pathogens isolated from ocular samples at Mount Sinai Hospital, 2010 to 2015

Oydanich

Dingle

Hamula

et al. 2017

Antimicrob Resist Infect Control

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BackgroundAntimicrobial resistance has emerged as a major threat to global public health. Thus, the surveillance of changes in antimicrobial resistance in local and global settings is a paramount necessity. While many studies have tracked antimicrobial resistance, only a small percentage surveyed ocular isolates. The purpose of this study was to report the in vitro susceptibility of bacterial pathogens isolated from ocular samples in New York, NY from 2010 to 2015.MethodsA retrospective review of ocular isolates was conducted. All organisms were collected by 25 separate inpatient wards and outpatient clinics, and were analyzed by the clinical microbiology laboratory at Mount Sinai Hospital. Clinical Laboratory and Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines were followed for susceptibility testing and breakpoint interpretations.ResultsA total of 549 bacterial organisms were isolated from 1664 cultures (33%) during the 6-year study period. Of these, 358 isolates (65.2%) underwent susceptibility testing. 182 (50.8%) isolates were Gram-positive. The most common Gram-positive bacterium was Staphylococcus aureus (62.1%). Methicillin-resistance decreased in S. aureus isolates (31.3% in 2010, 14.1% in 2015) but was without significant change (p = 0.25). When analyzing all S. aureus isolates recovered during the study period, there were significantly more methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates resistant to fluoroquinolones (p <0.0001), erythromycin (p <0.0001), and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMZ; p <0.05). Overall, Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates showed reduced susceptibility to erythromycin, but were otherwise susceptible to the other antimicrobials tested. Haemophilus influenzae (26.1%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (23.9%) were the most common Gram-negative bacteria isolated. Resistance to ampicillin and TMP/SMZ was observed in several of the H. influenzae isolates. P. aeruginosa isolates did not show high resistance overall, however, it was noted that isolates resistant to meropenem were also resistant to other antimicrobials (p < 0.01).ConclusionOverall, antimicrobial resistance was infrequent for the Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria analyzed. While the MRSA isolates demonstrated increased resistance to multiple antimicrobial classes, this is expected for this pathogen. Due to the continued use of broad-spectrum oral and systemic antimicrobials to treat ocular infections, findings of this study and other surveillance studies specific to ocular isolates should be used as resources in effective decision making in the treatment of ocular disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrospective report of antimicrobial susceptibility observed in bacterial pathogens isolated from ocular samples at Mount Sinai Hospital, 2010 to 2015

Oydanich

Dingle

Hamula

et al. 2017

Antimicrob Resist Infect Control

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“…However, from 2009 and 2012, in a group of children with suspected pneumonia and meningitis, a high level of penicillin and erythromycin resistance was reported, with no FQ or vancomycin resistance documented [101]. In a recent retrospective study [104], S. pneumoniae was the fourth most common keratitis-causing bacteria. In contrast to previous studies, where pneumococcal strains were isolated from sterile body sites such as cerebrospinal fluid, blood and synovial fluid [99][100][101][102], this study only included corneal isolates, and of these the pneumococcal strains expressed lower resistance rates to penicillin and erythromycin, although no resistance to FQ or vancomycin was observed.…”

Section: Epidemiology Of Resistance In the Middle East Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular mechanisms and epidemiology of resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae in the Middle East region

Moujaber

Osman

Rafei

et al. 2017

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Purpose. Streptococcus pneumoniae is a commensal bacterium that normally colonizes the human nasopharyngeal cavity. Once disseminated, it can cause several diseases, ranging from non-invasive infections such as acute otitis media and sinusitis through to invasive infections with higher mortality, including meningitis and septicaemia. Since the identification of the first S. pneumoniae strain with decreased susceptibility to penicillin in the 1960s, antibiotic resistance among S. pneumoniae has increased disturbingly and the mechanisms of resistance have begun to unfold.Methodology. This work briefly reviewed the available data on the molecular mechanisms underlying antimicrobial resistance and its epidemiology among pneumococcal strains in Middle Eastern countries.Key findings. Both intrinsic and acquired mechanisms (mutations, acquisition of novel mobile genetic elements and sometimes gene duplication and overexpression) affect susceptibility to a large variety of antibiotics. In Middle Eastern countries, including Lebanon, Iran, Saudi Arabia and Turkey, surveillance showed a disturbing increase in the strength and prevalence of resistance to antibiotics over the years, especially in the last decade. However, no surveillance reports were found in other Middle Eastern countries, such as Syria and Iraq.Conclusion. In order to better survey, control and prevent the emergence of multidrug-and extremely drug-resistant S. pneumoniae strains, antimicrobial stewardship, national surveillance and public awareness programmes should be developed urgently in Middle Eastern countries.

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“…In addition, this incidence was found to be 12.5% in China [2]. In Saudi Arabia, an incidence of 38.4% was reported [3].On the other hand, it has been reported that up to 80% of all positive cultures in Iran are caused by Pseudomonas spp. [4].…”

Section: Epidemiology P Aeruginosa Keratitismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pseudomonas species is commonly associated with contact lens wear [1][2][3][4][5]. Predisposing risk factors depend on the geographical locations and can be influenced by the penetration of contact lens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of Psuedomonas Keratitis: a review article

Alsaad¹

2017

int. arab. j antimicrob. agents

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Bacterial keratitis can lead to severe vision loss and corneal scarring, and possibly perforation. Early and appropriate management is a key factor in decreasing and preventing complication.Pubmed and Medline were searched for articles related to Pseudomonas keratitis between year 2000 and 2017 to get current guidelines about the management of Pseudomonas keratitis. These articles are reviewed in this article and information related to management is summarized.The most used agents to treat Pseudomonas are either aminoglycosides (usually gentamicin) fortified with a cephalosporin or mono therapy with a fluoroquinolones usually ciprofloxacin. In most areas, most strains of Pseudomonas were susceptible to ciprofloxacin. The role of topical steroids is discussed, as well as, available options for treatment of multidrug resistant Pseudomonas species.

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Ocular Pathogens and Antibiotic Sensitivity in Bacterial Keratitis Isolates at King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, 2011 to 2014

Cited by 38 publications

References 37 publications

Retrospective report of antimicrobial susceptibility observed in bacterial pathogens isolated from ocular samples at Mount Sinai Hospital, 2010 to 2015

Retrospective report of antimicrobial susceptibility observed in bacterial pathogens isolated from ocular samples at Mount Sinai Hospital, 2010 to 2015

Molecular mechanisms and epidemiology of resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae in the Middle East region

Management of Psuedomonas Keratitis: a review article

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