Ocular Pathogen or Commensal: A PCR-Based Study of Surface Bacterial Flora in Normal and Dry Eyes

Graham, Joanna E.; Moore, Jonathan E.; Xu, Jianguo; Moore, John E.; Goodall, E. A.; Dooley, James; Hayes, Velma E. A.; Dartt, Darlene A.; Downes, C. Stephen; Moore, Tara

doi:10.1167/iovs.07-0588

Cited by 275 publications

(250 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…It belongs to the Nocardioform group of the aerobic actinomycetes, which also includes genera such as Nocardia and Mycobacterium [2]. Recently Rhodococcus erythropolis has been identified as part of the regional microflora of individuals with normal and dry eyes [4]. The importance of this finding is uncertain, although there is a case report of Rhodococcus erythropolis endophthalmitis after lens implantation [10].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case Report: Rhodococcus erythropolis Osteomyelitis in the Toe

Roy¹,

Sidhom²,

Kerr³

et al. 2009

Clinical Orthopaedics &Amp; Related Research

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The Rhodococcus species rarely cause musculoskeletal infections, with only two cases reported in the literature. We report the case of a 53-year-old woman who had an infection develop after first metatarsophalangeal joint fusion. A year after surgery, she continued to have pain and swelling with nonunion. She underwent revision of the arthrodesis and tissue samples from surgery revealed Rhodococcus erythropolis. The patient's symptoms improved with oral antibiotics. One year after the revision surgery, the fusion had united. We believe this is the first report of a case of a musculoskeletal infection caused by Rhodococcus erythropolis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case Report: Rhodococcus erythropolis Osteomyelitis in the Toe

Roy¹,

Sidhom²,

Kerr³

et al. 2009

Clinical Orthopaedics &Amp; Related Research

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“…Significant differences were found between the results of microbiological analysis of ocular fluorescence and results of conventional culture methods using metagenomic approaches (12)(13)(14). In a study using traditional culture methods, only Staphylococcus and Bacillus species were detected.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Some studies have shown a more intense bacterial burden in the eyes of patients with Sjogren's syndrome than in the eyes of healthy volunteers (13,37). Genetic analyses may reveal details of ocular surface problems and ocular microbiota associations.…”

Section: Comparison Of Ocular Microbiota With Other Mucosal Surfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a study using traditional culture methods, only Staphylococcus and Bacillus species were detected. The study showed that the application of 16S rDNA gene polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method could detect five subcapsules including bacteria that could not be cultured (13). Dong et al found that 59 species of bacteria were present when administering 16S rDNA gene sequencing to the ocular surface (12).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ocular Microbiota

Ayyıldız¹

2017

Med J Islamic World Acad Sci

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SUMMARYOne of the most prominent of recent developments is the understanding of human microbiota. Microbiota is a group of microbes settled in a specific area, while microbial describes the total genome of these bacteria. The 10 trillion germs, equivalent to 10 times the total number of cells in the human body, live only in the intestines. The ocular surface is in constant contact with the external environment and has been shown to have a unique flora. The diversity, detection methods, and influence of this fluorophore on ocular immunity, personality, and extrinsic factors have been investigated and improved. Specific treatment of patients, planning of systemic and topical antibiotics, and perhaps ocular flora transplantation are the aims of future studies.

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“…Within the body are several characterized microbiomes, including that of the distal gut (Eckburg et al 2005;Qin et al 2010), vaginal mucosa (Oakley et al 2008;Fredricks et al 2009), oral mucosa (Aas et al 2005;Keijser et al 2008;Nasidze et al 2009a;Nasidze et al 2009b;Zaura et al 2009), skin (Costello et al 2009;Grice et al 2009), and conjunctiva (Graham et al 2007). While saturation deep sequencing of a complex biome is the theoretical gold standard for its characterization (Venter et al 2004;Williamson et al 2008), such an approach is not yet economical or practical for clinical samples and is very computationally intensive.…”

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confidence: 99%

Biome representational in silico karyotyping

Muthappan¹,

Lee²,

Lamprecht³

et al. 2011

Genome Res.

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Metagenomic characterization of complex biomes remains challenging. Here we describe a modification of digital karyotyping—biome representational in silico karyotyping (BRISK)—as a general technique for analyzing a defined representation of all DNA present in a sample. BRISK utilizes a Type IIB DNA restriction enzyme to create a defined representation of 27-mer DNAs in a sample. Massively parallel sequencing of this representation allows for construction of high-resolution karyotypes and identification of multiple species within a biome. Application to normal human tissue demonstrated linear recovery of tags by chromosome. We apply this technique to the biome of the oral mucosa and find that greater than 25% of recovered DNA is nonhuman. DNA from 41 microbial species could be identified from oral mucosa of two subjects. Of recovered nonhuman sequences, fewer than 30% are currently annotated. We characterized seven prevalent unknown sequences by chromosome walking and find these represent novel microbial sequences including two likely derived from novel phage genomes. Application of BRISK to archival tissue from a nasopharyngeal carcinoma resulted in identification of Epstein-Barr virus infection. These results suggest that BRISK is a powerful technique for the analysis of complex microbiomes and potentially for pathogen discovery.

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Ocular Pathogen or Commensal: A PCR-Based Study of Surface Bacterial Flora in Normal and Dry Eyes

Cited by 275 publications

References 49 publications

Case Report: Rhodococcus erythropolis Osteomyelitis in the Toe

Case Report: Rhodococcus erythropolis Osteomyelitis in the Toe

Ocular Microbiota

Biome representational in silico karyotyping

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