Ocular morphology of the fruit bat, Eidolon helvum, and the optical role of the choroidal papillae in the megachiropteran eye: a novel insight

Peter-ajuzıe, Iheanyi Kemdirim; Nwaogu, Innocent Chima; Majesty-Alukagberie, L O; Ajaebili, A. C.; Farrag, Foad; Kassab, Mohammed; Morsy, Kareem; Abumandour, Mohamed M. A.

doi:10.5603/fm.a2021.0072

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The morphological description of the eye was attractive to numerous ophthalmic researchers (Bassuoni et al, 2021; El‐Bakary & Abumandour, 2017; Nur et al, 2019), especially the wild animals (Aboelnour et al, 2020; Peter‐Ajuzie et al, 2021). The pecten oculi are not observed in any vertebrate species aside from avian (Abumandour et al, 2021; Ince et al, 2017; Yilmaz et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological features of the pecten oculi of the European wild quail (Coturnix coturnix): Adaptative habits to Northern Egyptian coast with novel vision to its SEM–EDX analysis

Abumandour

Morsy

Hanafy

2022

Microscopy Res & Technique

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The present investigation was prepared to give a complete ultrastructural characterization of the pecten oculi of the diurnal European wild Quail to describe their adaptation habits to the Northern Egyptian coast. Our work declares the first endeavor is the elemental analysis using scanning electron microscopy‐energy dispersive X‐ray (SEM–EDX) to show the migration effect on their eye. The intra‐ocular quadrilateral trapezoid black pigmented plicated type pecten oculi were observed on the postero‐inferior wall of the eyeball with craniocaudal and posterio‐anterior directions along the fetal fissure. The pecten oculi consist of three parts: the basal, body, and apical. The basal part originated behind the optic nerve, forming the slightly elevated border, while the apical part was directed toward the ciliary body. There are 10–11 pleats with interpleat space. The coiled surface refers to numerous capillary vessels. The smooth head of each pleat was kidney‐like, strongly attached to a bridge. The vitreopecteneal limiting membrane separated the pecten oculi from the vitreous body. There are numerous melanosomes and little hyalocytes on the pecteneal pleat's outer surfaces. The thick basal part of each pleat had numerous thick longitudinal microfolds that refer to the numerous blood capillaries attached to the retina as supporting roots. SEM/EDX elemental analysis revealed that carbon is the highest element (half), while oxygen represents about one‐third. In the meantime, the lowest element is the phosphate at the apical part, while the lowest element in the rest is the sulfate. Finally, the pecten oculi are thought to be a reflection of the avian lifestyle and ecological adaptations. Highlights Our work is the first description of the elemental analysis using SEM–EDX to show the migration effect on their eye. The quadrilateral trapezoid black pigmented plicated type pecten oculi were observed on the postero‐inferior wall of the eyeball with cranio‐caudal and posterio‐anterior directions along the fetal fissure. The basal part of the pecten oculi originated behind the optic nerve, forming the slightly elevated border, while the apical part was directed toward the ciliary body. There are 10–11 pleats with interpleat space. The vitreopecteneal limiting membrane separated the pecten oculi from the vitreous body. There are numerous melanosomes and little hyalocytes on the pecteneal pleat's outer surfaces. SEM/EDX elemental analysis revealed that carbon is the highest element (half percent), while oxygen represents about one‐third of the element's percent meanwhile, the lowest element is phosphate at the apical part, while the lowest element in the rest is the sulfate.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological features of the pecten oculi of the European wild quail (Coturnix coturnix): Adaptative habits to Northern Egyptian coast with novel vision to its SEM–EDX analysis

Abumandour

Morsy

Hanafy

2022

Microscopy Res & Technique

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“…The positive AB‐PAS histochemical reactions observed in the epidermis, dermis, hair follicles and adipose tissues as well as sebaceous glands of the withers and ventral abdomen indicate an abundance of mucins, glycoproteins, proteoglycans, hyaluronic acid and/or glycogen in the skin of the fruit bat (Layton & Bancroft, 2013; Peter‐Ajuzie et al., 2022). The reason for this histochemical characteristic of the sebaceous glands of the withers and ventral abdomen in this species is not known.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The bats are nocturnal, move about in large colonies, and usually roost on trees close to human dwelling (Magloire et al., 2018). They play roles in plant pollination and geographical distribution, and have been reported to be used for certain traditional African ritual purposes (Peter‐Ajuzie et al., 2022). They have been identified as natural reservoirs of the zoonotic Ebola subtype Zaire and Lagos bat viruses (Almeida et al., 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructural characterization of the skin in the African straw‐coloured fruit bat, Eidolon helvum (Pteropodidae)

Peter‐Ajuzie,

Chukwu,

Igbokwe

2023

Anat Histol Embryol

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The African straw‐coloured fruit Bat, Eidolon helvum, is a Yinpterochiroptera bat that is of public health and ecological importance. This study investigated the light microscopic morphology, morphometry and histochemistry of the skin and its glands across the cheek, withers, croup, ventral abdomen, perianal region, wing membrane, intercrural membrane and foot pad of the species. Sweat glands were absent and hypodermis was observed only in the withers, croup and ventral abdomen. The croup had the highest density of hair follicles while the perianal region had the highest density of sebaceous gland acini. The thicknesses of the dermis and epidermis were significantly high in the withers and foot pad respectively. Hair follicles and sebaceous glands were absent in the wing membrane. The sebaceous glands had melanin pigmentation at the periphery and stained positive to Alcian Blue‐periodic acid Schiff at the withers and ventral abdomen. Epidermal and dermal thicknesses reported in this study were generally higher than those of Yangochiroptera bats and the presence of sebaceous glands and hair follicles in the wing membrane were variable in different bat species. This study has provided baseline information on the light microscopic morphology and morphometry of the skin and its glands across the various body regions in the African straw‐coloured fruit bat. This information would be helpful in the understanding, handling, skin disease treatment and management of the bat in captivity for biomedical research purposes.

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“…The visual system of animals exhibits specific features to adapt to their environment and tolerate harsh conditions, where the morphology of the eye is influenced by lifestyle, geographical distribution, ecologies, visual performance, activity pattern and type of habitat (Cernuda‐Cernuda et al., 2003; Hall, 2008, 2009; Liu et al., 2012; Saadi‐Brenkia et al., 2018; Werner & Seifan, 2006). The optical system of some vertebrates can identify the reflected and emitted light rays, especially during periods of nocturnal or diurnal activity (Hall, 2008; Kirk, 2004; Peter‐Ajuzie et al., 2021). Environmental adaptations of the eye in numerous species are driven by ecological factors and the species' adaptability to its surroundings (Perea‐García et al., 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative study of the ciliary body and iris morphology in the anterior eye chamber of five different vertebrate classes

Seleem,

Badr

2024

Anat Histol Embryol

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One crucial component of the optical system is the ciliary body (CB). This body secretes the aqueous humour, which is essential to maintain the internal eye pressure as well as the clearness of the lens and cornea. The histological study was designed to provide the morphological differences of CB and iris in the anterior eye chambers of the following vertebrate classes: fish (grass carp), amphibians (Arabian toad), reptiles (semiaquatic turtle, fan‐footed gecko, ocellated skink, Egyptian spiny‐tailed lizard, Arabian horned viper), birds (common pigeon, common quail, common kestrel), and mammals (BALB/c mouse, rabbit, golden hamster, desert hedgehog, lesser Egyptian jerboa, Egyptian fruit bat). The results showed distinct morphological appearances of the CB and iris in each species, ranging from fish to mammals. The present comparative study concluded that the morphological structure of the CB and iris is the adaptation of species to either their lifestyle or survival in specific habitats.

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Ocular morphology of the fruit bat, Eidolon helvum, and the optical role of the choroidal papillae in the megachiropteran eye: a novel insight

Abstract: This article has been peer reviewed and published immediately upon acceptance.It is an open access article, which means that it can be downloaded, printed, and distributed freely, provided the work is properly cited. Articles in "Folia Morphologica" are listed in PubMed.

Cited by 5 publications

References 29 publications

Biological features of the pecten oculi of the European wild quail (Coturnix coturnix): Adaptative habits to Northern Egyptian coast with novel vision to its SEM–EDX analysis

Biological features of the pecten oculi of the European wild quail (Coturnix coturnix): Adaptative habits to Northern Egyptian coast with novel vision to its SEM–EDX analysis

Microstructural characterization of the skin in the African straw‐coloured fruit bat, Eidolon helvum (Pteropodidae)

Comparative study of the ciliary body and iris morphology in the anterior eye chamber of five different vertebrate classes

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