Ocular Morbidity among Street Children in Kathmandu Valley

Pant, Mukund; Joshi, Niraj Dev

doi:10.3109/09286586.2014.964035

Cited by 9 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…There are also variable findings on prevalence of ocular morbidity among children in different studies conducted in Kathmandu that ranges from 9.8% to 33.7%. [5][6][7][8][9][10]12 They included the children of private schools, government schools, primary school, squatter settlements and street children. This variation in morbidity can also be caused by variation in age range, research settings, sample size and sampling design.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[8][9][10]12,14 Lid related conditions and blepharitis are reported to range from 0.8% to 9.6%. 7,9,10,12 These studies were conducted among school children 9,10,14 orphanages of Kathmandu, 8 street children 12 and children of squatter settlement 7 . Like in the previous studies, 7,10,11 convergence and accommodation are also commonly noted in our study among 82 (3.4%) and 65 (2.7%) students respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ocular Morbidity among Children of Government Schools of Kathmandu Valley: A Follow-up Study

Shrestha

2017

J Nepal Med Assoc

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Introduction: Ocular and vision defects are common among school going children. Vision disorders, especially refractive errors are the main disabilities of children and the leading cause of handicapping conditions of childhood. The present study was conducted to find out ocular morbidity among students of government schools of Kathmandu valley. Methods:In the descriptive and cross-sectional study, 2412 students, comprising of 1114 (46.2%) males and 1298 (53.8%) females were enrolled in to the study from the five government schools of Kathmandu valley from 2012 to 2013. Detailed eye examination included distance visual acuity testing, anterior and posterior segment examinations, retinoscopy and refraction, cover test, near point of convergence, amplitude of accommodation and color vision test. The Chi-square test was performed to analyze the association between ocular morbidity, age and sex. P value was considered significant at 0.05 for 95% confidence interval.Results: Majority of children were age group between 11 and 13 years (n= 783, 32.5%). A male to female ratio was 0.85. Presenting and best spectacle corrected visual acuity of 6/6 was present in 2257 (93.6%) and 2380 (98.7%) respectively. Total ocular morbidity was observed in 515 (21.4%) subjects. The most common types of ocular morbidity were refractive error in 241 (10%), conjunctivitis in 104 (4.3%) and convergence insufficiency in 82 (3.4%). Conclusions:Refractive error, conjunctivitis and convergence insufficiency represent the most common ocular morbidities among students of government schools.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocular Morbidity among Children of Government Schools of Kathmandu Valley: A Follow-up Study

Shrestha

2017

J Nepal Med Assoc

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“…Because of the similarity of the geographical terrain and ethnicity, the comparison of our data with those published from Nepal, a neighboring country, is informative. The school eye-health studies in Nepal have been done in public and private schools in different districts and geographic regions, in street children and children of parents in the upper middle class economy [ 18 – 24 ]. These studies have confirmed that uncorrected refractive error is the most common eye disorder in children, with the prevalence of myopia higher than hyperopia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These studies have confirmed that uncorrected refractive error is the most common eye disorder in children, with the prevalence of myopia higher than hyperopia. The prevalence of myopia was less in rural and Sub Himalayan Nepal [ 6 , 18 ], more prevalent in children in private schools [ 20 , 21 ], in children with higher parental economic status than the street children [ 15 , 24 ] and more often higher in girls [ 15 ]. The variation in the prevalence of myopia was attributed to stress in life, including classroom work and parental pressure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual impairment and refractive error in school children in Bhutan: The findings from the Bhutan School Sight Survey (BSSS 2019)

Sharma¹,

Lepcha²,

Lhamo³

et al. 2020

PLoS ONE

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Purpose To estimate the nationwide prevalence of visual impairment and associated refractive error in school children in Bhutan. Methods The sample of this prospective cross-sectional national survey comprised of randomly selected classes in levels IV-IX (age 10 to 15 years) from schools throughout Bhutan. The examination included measurement of visual acuity (VA), evaluation of ocular motility, refraction under cycloplegia, examination of the external eye, media and fundus. The principal cause of impairment was determined for eyes with uncorrected VA ≤6/12. The main outcome measures were distance VA and cycloplegic refractive error. Results With a sampling frame of 1967 class-based clusters from 190 schools, 160 classes in 103 schools were randomly selected; 4985 (98.5%) of 5060 enumerated children were examined. The prevalence of uncorrected, presenting, and best-corrected visual impairment (VA≤6/12) in the better eye was 14.5%, 12.8%, and 0.34%, respectively. Refractive error was the principal cause (94.2%) of impaired vision and 88% of children who could achieve VA ≥6/9 with best correction were without necessary spectacles. The prevalence of myopia (≤ -0.5 D) was 6.64% and was associated with female gender (P = 0.004), urban schooling (P = 0.002), and greater parental education (P<0.001). The prevalence of hyperopia (≥ +2.0 D) was 2.17% and was significantly associated with lower class-level (P = 0.033), and female gender (P = 0.025). The overall prevalence of astigmatism (≥ 0.75 D) was 9.75%. Conclusions Reduced vision because of uncorrected refractive error is a public health problem among school-age children in Bhutan. Effective school eye health strategies are needed to eliminate this easily treatable cause of visual impairment.

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“…Geographical location, seasonal variation and personal hygiene are the factors responsible for conjunctival diseases. Public awareness and health education in the community regarding sanitation and maintaining hygiene may reduce this number 17,18 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocular morbidity among children of Baglung, Nepal

Sharma

Rajak

Shrestha

2020

J. Kathmandu Med. Coll.

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Background: Development of the visual system occurs during childhood and is completed by eight years of life. Ocular disorders occurring during this period can lead to visual impairment which can have a lifelong impact on the life of the child. Early detection and treatment of ocular problems among children minimizes the risk of visual impairment and amblyopia. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the pattern of ocular morbidity among children attending the health camp in Baglung. Methodology: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted to determine the pattern of ocular morbidity among children in the western region of Nepal, Baglung district. The study was conducted in the month of December 2019 for 2 days after receiving ethical approval. All data obtained were analyzed according to age, sex and pattern of ocular morbidity and were expressed in frequency, percentage and mean as applicable. Convenience sampling technique was used. Results: Five hundred and thirty two children were evaluated in the study. Among them, 143 (26.87%) had ocular morbidity. The mean age of children with ocular morbidity was 9.6± 5.4 years. The total male to female ratio was 1.18:1 and that amongst those with ocular morbidities was seen to be 2.04:1.1. The most common ocular morbidity was refractive error in 43(8.08%) followed by conjunctival in 32(6.01%) and lid disorders in 29(5.45%) respectively. Conclusion: Most of the morbidities observed were either preventable or treatable, therefore, eye health camp is an effective method to identify them.

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Ocular Morbidity among Street Children in Kathmandu Valley

Abstract: Ocular infection and refractive error represent the most common ocular morbidities in street children in the Kathmandu Valley.

Cited by 9 publications

References 13 publications

Ocular Morbidity among Children of Government Schools of Kathmandu Valley: A Follow-up Study

Ocular Morbidity among Children of Government Schools of Kathmandu Valley: A Follow-up Study

Visual impairment and refractive error in school children in Bhutan: The findings from the Bhutan School Sight Survey (BSSS 2019)

Ocular morbidity among children of Baglung, Nepal

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