Ocular Manifestations of Mosquito-Transmitted Diseases

Karesh, James W.; Mazzoli, Robert A.; Heintz, Shannon K

doi:10.1093/milmed/usx183

Cited by 23 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…While the symptoms disappear within a week in some cases of WNF, more severe cases have persistent fatigue and muscle weakness for a month or more. In 2003, rare cases of persistent WNV infection associated with hepatitis, splenomegaly, myocarditis, pancreatitis, kidney disease and ocular lesions (chorioretinitis, anterior uveitis, vitritis, intraretinal/vitreous hemorrhages) were reported, but these clinical manifestations have currently been more frequent (Hayes & Gubler, 2006;Murray et al, 2010;Garcia et al, 2014;Karesh et al, 2018).…”

Section: Clinical Manifestation Transmission and Surveillance Of Wnvmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological surveillance of West Nile virus in the world and Brazil

Costa¹,

Bayeux²,

Silva

et al. 2020

Braz. J. Vet. Res. Anim. Sci.

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West Nile virus (WNV) is a neurovirulent mosquito-borne Flavivirus that is maintained in nature by a zoonotic transmissioncycle between avian hosts and ornithophilic mosquito vectors, mostly from the Culex genus. Until the 1990s, WNV wasconsidered to be an old-world arbovirus, but in 1999, WNV emerged in the United States (US) and spread rapidly, becoming amajor threat to public health. WNV adapted to the transmission cycle involving American mosquitoes and birds and reachedCentral and South America in subsequent years. In 2003, the National West Nile Fever Surveillance System was created in Brazilbased on serological screening of animals and sentinel vectors, as recommended by the Pan American Health Organization(PAHO) and the World Health Organization (WHO). Since 2008, serological evidence of WNV infection in Brazilian horseshas been reported, and the circulation of WNV has been monitored through the regular serological screening of sentinel horsesand reporting of encephalomyelitis cases. Horses are highly susceptible to WNV infection, and outbreaks of neurologicaldisease among horses often precede human cases. In this regard, equine surveillance has been essential in providing earlywarning to public and animal health authorities in several countries, including Brazil. This demonstrates the need for animaland public health intervention programs to allocate resources to make veterinarians aware of the role they can play in thehuman surveillance processes by monitoring horses. This review discusses the importance of equine surveillance and the gapthat veterinarians can fill on the front line in human surveillance, in Brazil and worldwide, in the context of “One Health”

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Section: Clinical Manifestation Transmission and Surveillance Of Wnvmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological surveillance of West Nile virus in the world and Brazil

Costa¹,

Bayeux²,

Silva

et al. 2020

Braz. J. Vet. Res. Anim. Sci.

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“…There is a relatively low incidence of eastern and western equine encephalitis, St. Louis encephalitis, and Japanese encephalitis in the United States, but they are occasionally associated with optic neuritis, abducens, and facial palsies [8]. When it comes to differentiating WNV-associated neuro-invasive disease from other encephalitic viruses, flaccid paralysis should be considered a defining feature [9]. The risk of developing neuro-invasive WNV disease was found to be increased among male patients and those older than 64 years of age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

West Nile Virus (WNV) Infection-Associated Acute Flaccid Paralysis With Ophthalmoplegia

Venkata¹,

Hakobyan²,

Lerner³

et al. 2023

Cureus

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Infection with West Nile virus (WNV) is often characterized by a mild febrile illness, but it can progress to meningitis, encephalitis, flaccid paralysis, and respiratory failure. The neuro-ophthalmological manifestations of this disease are uncommonly discussed. This case describes a 49-year-old undomiciled male who developed WNV flaccid paralysis with ophthalmoplegia. His symptoms began with difficulty in walking and progressed over several days to flaccid paralysis and ophthalmoplegia. Cerebrospinal fluid was positive for WNV immunoglobulin M antibodies and electromyography demonstrated acute denervation in several muscle groups. This is an unusual case of neuro-invasive WNV presenting with flaccid paralysis and ophthalmoplegia.

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“…Topical ophthalmic steroids were used in the RVFV anterior segment manifestations [84]. Aciclovir was used in eyes lesions of other mosquito-transmitted viral disease notably chikungunya, dengue and West Nile ( Table 2) [112]. Other antiviral drugs (e.g.…”

Section: Treatment Of Rvf Casesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The challenging management of Rift Valley Fever in humans: literature review of the clinical disease and algorithm proposal

Javelle

Lesueur

Santi

et al. 2020

Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob

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Rift Valley Fever (RVF) is an emerging zoonotic arbovirus with a complex cycle of transmission that makes difficult the prediction of its expansion. Recent outbreaks outside Africa have led to rediscover the human disease but it remains poorly known. The wide spectrum of acute and delayed manifestations with potential unfavorable outcome much complicate the management of suspected cases and prediction of morbidity and mortality during an outbreak. We reviewed literature data on bio-clinical characteristics and treatments of RVF human illness. We identified gaps in the field and provided a practical algorithm to assist clinicians in the cases assessment, determination of setting of care and prolonged follow-up.

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Ocular Manifestations of Mosquito-Transmitted Diseases

Cited by 23 publications

References 59 publications

Epidemiological surveillance of West Nile virus in the world and Brazil

Epidemiological surveillance of West Nile virus in the world and Brazil

West Nile Virus (WNV) Infection-Associated Acute Flaccid Paralysis With Ophthalmoplegia

The challenging management of Rift Valley Fever in humans: literature review of the clinical disease and algorithm proposal

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