Ocular Manifestations of Disturbances in Calcium Metabolism*

Clinical Manifestations of Hypoparathyroidism

“…64,67-70 A few cases of blepharospasm, intense photophobia, and chronic keratoconjunctivitis associated with hypoparathyroidism have also been reported. 1,54,58 In the majority of these cases, other features of APS1 are also present, suggesting that these symptoms may be related to other autoimmune diseases associated with APS1 and not a direct result of hypoparathyroidism. 71…”

“…1,35,56,57 For example, in an older systematic review of 52 patients, cataracts were reported in 26 (50%). 58 In a more recent single-center study of women with postsurgical hypoparathyroidism, Arlt et al conducted slit-lamp eye exams in 20 patients, of whom 11 (55%) were reported to have cataracts. 35 In nine of these 11 cases, cataracts were found bilaterally.…”

“…54,58,64 As with cataracts, the etiology of papilledema is unknown, although increased intracranial pressure and isolated optic nerve swelling have been proposed. 65, 66 The papilledema typically resolves with correction of hypocalcemia.…”

Bilateral Metastatic Sclerochoroidal Calcification in a Patient with Hyperparathyroidism

“…Metastatic calcification is de fined as calcium deposition in extraskelctal tissues with abnormal calcium and phosphate Received: D ecem ber 16.1991 Accepted: D ecem ber 23,1991 metabolism. Hyperparathyroidism [3][4][5][6][7], pseudo-hypoparathyroidism [8], vitamin D intoxication [9], sarcoidosis [10] and chronic renal failure [11] can cause this condition. These kinds of calcification usually occur in the basement membrane of blood vessels and epithelial cells, and it is postulated that in tracellular calcium deposition in normal cells may be an effect of parathyroid hormone or vitamin D [1].…”

Tophus-Like, Conglomerated, Sclera

“…Dystrophic calcifications of scleral scars after trauma, surgery, scleritis [6, 13], over choroidal tumors or a combined metastatic-dystrophic mineralization of such scars in cases of an additionally disturbed metabo lism of calcium are rare [14], Pure metastatc calcification of the sclera is much rarer than that of the cornea and conjunc tiva. It has been found clinically and/or histopathologically in hyperparathyroidism [15][16][17][18][19][20], pseudohyperparathyroi dism [21], intoxication with vitamin D [14,22] and in renal failure [16,23]. In these cases, the scleral deposits did not differ morphologically from dystrophic calcifications.…”