Ocular immune privilege

Zhou, Ru; Caspi, Rachel R

doi:10.3410/b2-3

Cited by 198 publications

(152 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(3 reference statements)

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“…44). The high success rates observed in more than 90% of corneal transplant cases 1 year after surgery have been attributed to a certain degree of immune privilege of the avascular cornea, and the mechanisms behind ocular immune privilege have been thoroughly reviewed previously (45)(46)(47). However, long-term corneal graft survival is not promising.…”

Section: Corneal Transplants In Humansmentioning

confidence: 95%

Human Corneal Endothelial Cell Expansion for Corneal Endothelium Transplantation: An Overview

Peh

Beuerman²,

Colman³

et al. 2011

Transplantation

219

224

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The monolayer of cells forming the human corneal endothelium is critical to the maintenance of corneal transparency and is not known to regenerate in vivo. Thus, dysfunction of these cells constitutes the most often cited reasons for the 150,000 or so corneal transplants performed yearly. Although current corneal transplantation is more than 90% successful at 1 year, longer term results are not as encouraging with approximately 70% success at 5 years. Nonimmunologic graft failure and allograft endothelial rejection are the main problems. Furthermore, the global shortage of donor corneas greatly restricts several corneal transplantations performed. With advances in understanding corneal endothelial cell biology, it is now possible to cultivate human corneal endothelial cells (HCECs) in vitro, thus providing new opportunities to develop novel tissue-engineered human corneal endothelium. This review will provide an overview of (a) the characteristics of human corneal endothelium; (b) past and present HCECs isolation and culture protocols; (c) various potential carriers for the generation of tissue-engineered corneal endothelium, together with some of the functional studies reported in various animal models; and (d) the current rapid advancements in surgical techniques for keratoplasty. A successful combination of tissue-engineered human corneal endothelium coupled with innovative and groundbreaking surgical procedures will bridge basic research involving cultured HCECs, bringing it from bench to bedside.

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Section: Corneal Transplants In Humansmentioning

confidence: 95%

Human Corneal Endothelial Cell Expansion for Corneal Endothelium Transplantation: An Overview

Peh

Beuerman²,

Colman³

et al. 2011

Transplantation

219

224

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Patients suffering from retinal degenerative diseases have been anticipated to be among the first to benefit from human pluripotent stem cell-based therapies. One of the features that have made retinal diseases popular candidates for ESC- or iPSC-based cell replacement therapy is the phenomenon of ocular immune privilege (Zhou and Caspi 2010), which makes it more feasible to overcome immune rejection of in vitro generated cell types, such as RPEs, after transplantation. In addition, the transplanted site can be easily monitored with noninvasive techniques.…”

Section: Corrections Of Disease-associated Genetic Mutations In Patiementioning

confidence: 99%

Gene correction in patient-specific iPSCs for therapy development and disease modeling

Jang

2016

Hum Genet

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The discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent and the development of engineered endonucleases for enhancing genome editing are two of the most exciting and impactful technology advances in modern medicine and science. Human pluripotent stem cells have the potential to establish new model systems for studying human developmental biology and disease mechanisms. Gene correction in patient-specific iPSCs can also provide a novel source for autologous cell therapy. Although historically challenging, precise genome editing in human iPSCs is becoming more feasible with the development of new genome-editing tools, including ZFNs, TALENs, and CRISPR. iPSCs derived from patients of a variety of diseases have been edited to correct disease-associated mutations and to generate isogenic cell lines. After directed differentiation, many of the corrected iPSCs showed restored functionality and demonstrated their potential in cell replacement therapy. Genome-wide analyses of gene-corrected iPSCs have collectively demonstrated a high fidelity of the engineered endonucleases. Remaining challenges in clinical translation of these technologies include maintaining genome integrity of the iPSC clones and the differentiated cells. Given the rapid advances in genome-editing technologies, gene correction is no longer the bottleneck in developing iPSC-based gene and cell therapies; generating functional and transplantable cell types from iPSCs remains the biggest challenge needing to be addressed by the research field.

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“…Dies ist erklärlich durch gute Abwehrlage im Auge [16,17]. Die Entwicklung der letzten Jahre ging zu immer kleineren Inzisionen, was sich positiv auf die Wunddichtigkeit und damit die intra-und postoperative Inokulation von Erregern auswirken könnte.…”

Section: Verlauf Einer Postoperativen Endophthalmitisunclassified

Infektionen nach Linsenchirurgie: Implikationen für die refraktive Chirurgie

Taneri

Heiligenhaus

2012

Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd

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Apart from the classical indication of removing an opaque lens that is compromising vision, extraction of the crystalline lens is gaining increasing importance as a refractive procedure. This literature review which considers the present guidelines of various ophthalmological societies and recently published studies is intended to give an estimate of the incidence of postoperative endophthalmitis and evidence-based recommendations for its prophylaxis, diagnosis, and therapy. The incidence of endophthalmitis after cataract extraction is reported to be 0.04% to 0.3% in most sizeable studies. Immediate sequential bilateral cataract surgery is internationally gaining popularity. It remains difficult to estimate whether or not the risk of endophthalmitis is affected with this approach. A toxic anterior segment syndrome (TASS) needs to be differentiated from postoperative endophthalmitis. TASS is an acute sterile inflammation after cataract surgery. Remnants of detergents and antiseptics on the surgical instruments are supposed to be main triggers. Additionally, the inappropriate preparation of solutions and antibiotics for intracameral use is considered to be a major cause. A case of TASS was also reported after implantation of an iris-fixated anterior chamber lens in a phakic eye. The cefuroxime solution that was prophylactically used in the ESCRS study and that is recommended for routine cataract surgery is not commercially available in Germany as a ready preparation for intraoperative application. Different measures are undertaken in different countries to prevent postoperative endophthalmitis, whose values are not exactly quantifiable. Antisepsis with povidone-iodine is still considered to be the component with the best evidence. For management of acute postoperative endophthalmitis, the systemic application of antibiotics is recommended in addition to their intravitreal injection. Few case reports have been published describing an infection after the implantation of refractive intraocular lenses (IOLs) in a phakic eye. However, we could not find meaningful information regarding the incidence of endophthalmitis after implantation of refractive IOLs. Based on the fact that these IOLs are not implanted into the capsular bag but in front of the crystalline lens or into the anterior chamber, and the presumably better anti-microbial immunity of this younger population compared to cataract patients, one may assume that the infection rate is lower than after cataract surgery. Nevertheless, a prospective register to document all endophthalmitis cases is desirable.

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Ocular immune privilege

Cited by 198 publications

References 17 publications

Human Corneal Endothelial Cell Expansion for Corneal Endothelium Transplantation: An Overview

Human Corneal Endothelial Cell Expansion for Corneal Endothelium Transplantation: An Overview

Gene correction in patient-specific iPSCs for therapy development and disease modeling

Infektionen nach Linsenchirurgie: Implikationen für die refraktive Chirurgie

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