Ocular Hypotonia and Transient Decrease of Vision as a Consequence of Exposure to a Common Toad Poison

Pejic, Renato; Prskalo, Marija Šimić; Šimić, Josip

doi:10.1155/2020/2983947

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Bufadienolides were found to induce corneal dysfunction and ocular hypotonia in a 67‐year‐old female, exposed to the poison of a toad. The high effects of bufadienolides on ocular pressure were determined (Pejic et al, 2020).…”

Section: Effects Of Bufadienolides On Atpase Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Toad venom bufadienolides and bufotoxins: An updated review

Asrorov,

Kayumov,

Mukhamedov

et al. 2023

Drug Development Research

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Bufadienolides, naturally found in toad venoms having steroid‐like structures, reveal antiproliferative effects at low doses. However, their application as anticancer drugs is strongly prevented by their Na+/K+‐ATPase binding activities. Although several kinds of research were dedicated to moderating their Na+/K+‐ATPase binding activity, still deeper fundamental knowledge is required to bring these findings into medical practice. In this work, we reviewed data related to anticancer activity of bufadienolides such as bufalin, arenobufagin, bufotalin, gamabufotalin, cinobufotalin, and cinobufagin and their derivatives. Bufotoxins, derivatives of bufadienolides containing polar molecules mainly belonging to argininyl residues, are reviewed as well. The established structures of bufotoxins have been compiled into a one‐page figure to review their structures. We also highlighted advances in the structure‐modification of the structure of compounds in this class. Drug delivery approaches to target these compounds to tumor cells were discussed in one section. The issues related to extraction, identification, and quantification are separated into another section.

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Section: Effects Of Bufadienolides On Atpase Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Toad venom bufadienolides and bufotoxins: An updated review

Asrorov,

Kayumov,

Mukhamedov

et al. 2023

Drug Development Research

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“…Toad consumption for medicinal purpose is practiced in parts of China and India, with reports of bradycardia, cardiac dysfunction and death in some cases [ 191 ]. A patient exposed to toad poison experienced burning sensation in the eyes, ocular hypotonia and loss of vision [ 192 ]. Toad poisoning in birds causes necrosis in liver and heart and hemorrhage in the lungs and brain [ 178 ].…”

Section: Toxins From Aquatic Species and One Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural toxins and One Health: a review

Nwaji¹,

Arieri²,

Anyang³

et al. 2022

Science in One Health

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“…Toads were known by the Native Americans both for their role in controlling insects as well as by their toxic defense substances. These toad toxins are secreted from parotoid glands that in contact with oral mucosa or eyes can produce intoxication or death [ 3 , 4 , 5 ]. Ceramic representations of Rhinella toad species by Peruvian pre-Inca Chavin and Moche cultures [ 6 , 7 ] and current local magic traditions in northern Peru that involved these toads ( Figure 1 A,B) suggest the presence of bioactive compounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Parotoid Gland Secretion from Peruvian Toad Rhinella horribilis (Wiegmann, 1833): Chemical Composition and Effect on the Proliferation and Migration of Lung Cancer Cells

Schmeda-Hirschmann

Andrade

Soto-Vásquez

et al. 2020

Toxins

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Since Rhinella sp. toads produce bioactive substances, some species have been used in traditional medicine and magical practices by ancient cultures in Peru. During several decades, the Rhinella horribilis toad was confused with the invasive toad Rhinella marina, a species documented with extensive toxinological studies. In contrast, the chemical composition and biological effects of the parotoid gland secretions (PGS) remain still unknown for R. horribilis. In this work, we determine for the first time 55 compounds from the PGS of R. horribilis, which were identified using HPLC-MS/MS. The crude extract inhibited the proliferation of A549 cancer cells with IC50 values of 0.031 ± 0.007 and 0.015 ± 0.001 µg/mL at 24 and 48 h of exposure, respectively. Moreover, it inhibited the clonogenic capacity, increased ROS levels, and prevented the etoposide-induced apoptosis, suggesting that the effect of R. horribilis poison secretion was by cell cycle blocking before of G2/M-phase checkpoint. Fraction B was the most active and strongly inhibited cancer cell migration. Our results indicate that the PGS of R. horribilis are composed of alkaloids, bufadienolides, and argininyl diacids derivatives, inhibiting the proliferation and migration of A549 cells.

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Ocular Hypotonia and Transient Decrease of Vision as a Consequence of Exposure to a Common Toad Poison

Cited by 3 publications

References 17 publications

Toad venom bufadienolides and bufotoxins: An updated review

Toad venom bufadienolides and bufotoxins: An updated review

Natural toxins and One Health: a review

The Parotoid Gland Secretion from Peruvian Toad Rhinella horribilis (Wiegmann, 1833): Chemical Composition and Effect on the Proliferation and Migration of Lung Cancer Cells

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