Ocular fluorophotometry in human subjects and in swine – with particular reference to long‐term pharmacokinetics

Knudsen, Lars R.

doi:10.1034/j.1600-0420.80.s235.1.x

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 58 publications

(80 reference statements)

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“…Sixty to 90 min following injection of fluorescein, the fluorescein concentration in the mid‐axial anterior chamber was measured using a computerized scanning ocular fluorophotometer with an anterior chamber adapter (Fluorotron Master, Coherent Radiation Inc, Palo Alto, CA). Obtaining a fluorophotometry reading 60–90 min postinjection ensures a stable concentration of fluorescein within the anterior chamber as determined by previous studies 10,11 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Because the amount of fluorescein that enters the anterior chamber following intravenous administration is proportional to the degree of BAB disruption, anterior chamber fluorophotometry provides a reliable and noninvasive method of evaluating the integrity of the BAB 10 . The amount of fluorescein within the anterior chamber is measured by exciting the fluorescein molecules with the appropriate wavelength of light and quantifying the subsequent emission 10,11 . Other methods of assessing the BAB include aqueous humor protein measurements (following anterior chamber paracentesis) and subjective evaluation of aqueous flare.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of a single dose of topical 0.005% latanoprost and 2% dorzolamide/0.5% timolol combination on the blood‐aqueous barrier in dogs: a pilot study

McLean

Ward

Hendrix

2008

Veterinary Ophthalmology

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of a single dose of topical 0.005% latanoprost and 2% dorzolamide/0.5% timolol combination on the blood‐aqueous barrier in dogs: a pilot study

McLean

Ward

Hendrix

2008

Veterinary Ophthalmology

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“…In this study the thickness of all concentric rings in normal subjects was found to decrease with age, which is in accordance with the general decrease in water content throughout the human body. The presence of water in the retina is controlled by two vascular barrier systems, the retinal capillaries and the pigment epithelium, so far not unambiguously separated (Larsen 1993; Knudsen 2002). However, the central part of the macular region is primarily supplied from the choroids, whereas other parts of the macula are primarily supplied from the retinal capillaries (Cunha‐Vaz 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of diabetic macular oedema using retinal thickness measurements

Knudsen

2006

Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica

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ABSTRACT.Background: Identification of clinically significant macular oedema (CSMO) involves human depth perception, which is subject to a degree of uncertainty. However, although the ability to obtain objective thickness measurements of the central macular region may be advantageous, the topography of the macular region suggests that average thickness measurements represent a simplification of the topographic profile of the region. This study explored the applicability of additional sub-analysis of central macular thickness measurements. Methods: The study included 47 eyes of 47 normal subjects and 158 ocular examinations of 38 eyes from 22 diabetic subjects with and without CSMO. All eyes underwent central macular thickness measurements using retinal thickness analysis equipment. Eyes of diabetes subjects were classified as being without CSMO (n ¼ 53), with focal CSMO (n ¼ 50) and with diffuse CSMO (n ¼ 55). The central macular region was subdivided into narrow concentric rings around the foveola, using a new invention, and the thicknesses of the individual concentric rings were calculated. The sensitivity and specificity of the CSMO diagnosis were established using the average thickness and the thicknesses of the concentric rings. Results: The average thickness of the central macular region was found to be 165.1 lm in eyes of normal subjects and 192.3 lm in eyes without CSMO. It increased non-significantly to 198.2 lm in eyes with focal CSMO and significantly to 236.9 lm in eyes with diffuse CSMO. Sensitivity for focal CSMO was 48.0% with average thickness measurements and 83.6% with concentric rings. Corresponding values for detection of diffuse CSMO were 91.7% and 96.1%, respectively. Specificity was 77.4% with average thickness measurements and 79.7% with concentric rings. Conclusions: Thickness measurements of the central macular region can be used to distinguish between eyes with and without diffuse CSMO, but not between eyes with and without focal CSMO. Additional sub-analysis based on concentric rings around the foveola seems to be a useful clinical tool that increases diagnostic certainty in these eyes.

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“…Fluorophotometry is limited to the evaluation of the movement of fluorescent compounds in the aqueous and vitreous humour. This technique has been used in vivo to control fluorescence levels, mainly in humans and rabbits [91].…”

Section: Fluorescencementioning

confidence: 99%

Ocular Biodistribution Studies Using Molecular Imaging

et al. 2019

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Classical methodologies used in ocular pharmacokinetics studies have difficulties to obtain information about topical and intraocular distribution and clearance of drugs and formulations. This is associated with multiple factors related to ophthalmic physiology, as well as the complexity and invasiveness intrinsic to the sampling. Molecular imaging is a new diagnostic discipline for in vivo imaging, which is emerging and spreading rapidly. Recent developments in molecular imaging techniques, such as positron emission tomography (PET), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), allow obtaining reliable pharmacokinetic data, which can be translated into improving the permanence of the ophthalmic drugs in its action site, leading to dosage optimisation. They can be used to study either topical or intraocular administration. With these techniques it is possible to obtain real-time visualisation, localisation, characterisation and quantification of the compounds after their administration, all in a reliable, safe and non-invasive way. None of these novel techniques presents simultaneously high sensitivity and specificity, but it is possible to study biological procedures with the information provided when the techniques are combined. With the results obtained, it is possible to assume that molecular imaging techniques are postulated as a resource with great potential for the research and development of new drugs and ophthalmic delivery systems.

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Ocular fluorophotometry in human subjects and in swine – with particular reference to long‐term pharmacokinetics

Cited by 7 publications

References 58 publications

The effect of a single dose of topical 0.005% latanoprost and 2% dorzolamide/0.5% timolol combination on the blood‐aqueous barrier in dogs: a pilot study

The effect of a single dose of topical 0.005% latanoprost and 2% dorzolamide/0.5% timolol combination on the blood‐aqueous barrier in dogs: a pilot study

Identification of diabetic macular oedema using retinal thickness measurements

Ocular Biodistribution Studies Using Molecular Imaging

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